論中唐三家詩的身體書寫

Abstract

唐代科舉制度促進社會流動，出生寒微的士人得以藉此步入仕途成為政治精英，從而形成一股世俗化的審美風潮席捲詩壇，「身體」也因此成為取材對象流入詩篇，在一個強調「特性」的時代風氣底下，詩人們賴此打上獨一無二的個人印記，無論是藉此抒發生命感懷或是作為詩歌「創新」手法，都呈現出迥異於前人的情感模式與書寫風格。詩人們通過「身體」回應死亡沉重的叩問，讓「身體」成為解碼詩人心靈地圖的秘語，提供後人貼近詩人們精神世界與藝術天地的關鍵。 本文第二章探討白居易如何從自我容貌的觀察中引發「未死」的自覺，在病痛、衰老的感知中，觀察詩人如何從早年畏死的憂慮，晚年轉化為「喜老」的生命態度。第三章探討孟郊以「苦吟」尋求「身體」以外顯內在愁懣，強化情感渲染力的追求中，如何反過來導致浸染於不平之氣的身體長年處於虛弱多病的狀態。「身體」成為詩人內在心靈的直面呈現，面對逐漸失能、陌生的身體，詩人感受自我與世界的過程中出現「斷裂」之痕，私密的體感經驗與抽象的情感體會仰賴聲情傳遞，以此呈現出經由病體投射於天地間所觀察的「變形」世界。第四章分析韓愈如何藉由死亡現場的身體書寫，勾起讀者情感與體驗經驗以強化詩歌的說理旨意，並且通過漢字集形、音、義一體所鮮少被關注之「形」的表現，通過特定選詞與排列組合突顯漢字結構裡的象形特癥，傳遞出更具有畫面感的身體形象與動作，讓讀者除了通過詞情理解、聲情意會以外，結合漢字的視覺體驗，呈現出多元、多維的閱讀經驗。 因此，本文通過中唐詩人白居易、孟郊與韓愈呈現出三種身體書寫的類型，觀察不同人格特質面對衰敗肉身的變化，如何調適看待世界與自我的眼光，投射到藝文創作裡如何開創出迥別於傳統詩歌內容與形式表達的窠臼。

The Imperial examination system of the Tang Dynasty promotes society fluidity, creating chances for low born scholar to become political elite. As a result, vulgar elements which is popular among plebians was absorbed into poem, making “Body” a common topic in poems, especially during the Mid-tang Dynasty. Poets use “body” to respond to the inquiries of death, making body writing as a key to unlock poets’ deeper soul. Chapter two of this article explore how Bai Ju-yi came to realization that he is on the path to death from the observation of his aging appearance, showing the poet’s deep introspection consciousness. Bai Ju-yi’s body writing revealed the poet’s fear of dying at young age developing into the pursuit of body comforts at his old age. Chapter three explore how Meng Jiao use ‘Body’ to externalize his inner sorrows, which at the same time, sicken his body through his extremely hardship and creative attitude. As a result, his body writing revealed a deformed world from a sick persons’ view. Chapter four analyses how Han Yu arouses readers’ emotional and physical experience by picturing dead body in death scenes to enrich the art of reasoning in his poems. By enhancing the pictographic element in chinese characters, Han Yu succesfully evokes readers’ imagination in picturing livelier human bodies, delivering a more dynamic reading experience apart from words and vocal comprehension. Thus, the review of Mid-tang’s famous poets Bai Ju-yi, Meng Jiao and Han Yus’ body writing reveals different ways of expressing self through body and creates unique emotion and stylistic characteristics different from the predecessor.