以巴西CFIA模式為基礎建立國際投資便捷化之規範架構

Abstract

國際投資體制正因保守性保護主義政策的增加、投資者與國家爭端解決案件的浪潮以及南南投資的增長而發生變化。特別是，從投資促進，擔保和保護轉向投資便利化條款，作為新一代國際投資協定的新視角。在尋求多邊投資框架時，這些問題變得更加明顯。 於此脈絡下，許多國家對傳統雙邊投資協議抱持謹慎態度，並開始修改或退出現有的雙邊投資協議，以保護其政策空間。更有甚者，各國政府正在施壓要求重新談判私人投資合約，要求外國投資者在私人合約發生爭議時放棄尋求投資者與國家爭端解決的權利。 考慮到外國直接投資對於國家發展的重要性，各國政府需要吸引和維持投資。但是，人們也關注投資的品質以及如何通過可持續發展的投資工具、政策和程序來支持這些投資。 本文將從投資促進角度研究巴西最近的合作和便利化投資協議模式，探求更加平衡的國際投資合作和便利化體系。最後，將討論在WTO下建立多邊投資框架的可能性。

Changes are occurring in the international investment regime caused by an increase in conservative protectionist policies, a wave of investor-state dispute settlement cases and grow of South-South investments. In particular, a shift from investment promotion, guarantee, and protection towards investment facilitation provisions as a new perspective on the new generation of international investment agreements. The issues become more apparent in the pursuit of a multilateral framework on investment. In this context, many countries are cautious about the adhesion of traditional bilateral investment agreements and began the revision or denunciation of existing ones in order to safeguard their policy space. Moreover, governments are pressuring to renegotiate private investment contracts, requiring foreign investors to waive their right to pursue investor-state dispute settlement in the event of a dispute from the private contract. Considering the importance of foreign direct investment on the development of a country there is a need to attract and maintain investments. However, there is also attention given to the quality of investments and how they can be supported by investment tools, policies, and processes for sustainable development. This paper will look into the Brazilian recent cooperation and facilitation investment agreement model from the investment facilitation perspective that seek for a more balanced international investment system of cooperation and facilitation. Afterward, it will discuss the possibilities of a multilateral framework on investment at the WTO that would establish an international investment law.