特定物種海洋保護區劃設及管理之研究-以台灣北部黑䱛(Atrobucca nibe)為例

Abstract

黑䱛(Atrobucca nibe)俗名黑喉，石首魚科魚類，是台灣北部漁民賴以為生的重要漁獲資源之一，但近年來金山區及淡水區漁會漁民在捕撈黑喉時，常因使用不同漁具漁法造成糾紛，若無妥善管理措施將導致該資源受損，使雙方皆受其害，因此本研究希望藉由劃設海洋保護區，除可保護資源，亦能減緩雙方衝突，惟劃設地點、方式、管理方法等仍有疑慮。為解決此問題，本研究使用國際間常用之海洋保護區規劃軟體Marxan，嘗試規劃台灣北部黑喉保護區，除蒐集國內外相關文獻、海域測量報告、漁民會談紀錄及海洋保護區劃設準則等，亦請金山區漁民填寫漁獲日誌調查表報表，以漁業別努力量反應成本、CPUE反應黑喉資源豐度，並搭配國際間保護區劃設準則，例如保護區宜集中、連續、邊界明確，並考慮當地生態與社區福祉等，規劃該資源保護區。結果顯示，延繩釣之漁獲努力量及資源豐度位於第1、第1與第2交界、第2與第3象限交界處；刺網主要位於第2象限。經使用Marxan軟體與當地海域底質(沙、泥及岩石)套疊，考量保護生態多樣性較高之岩石底質(棲地)與黑喉資源較豐富之區域，初步將海洋保護區劃設於25°19.8’-24.6’N，121°24’-27.6’E之間，針對研究成果，後續規劃將其分類為核心區及緩衝區，並建議在黑喉盛期時，核心區禁止所有漁業捕撈，緩衝區則容許環境友善漁法捕撈，初步估計，對於延繩釣漁業作業影響計12%，刺網漁業作業影響計32%。未來仍須與權益相關者溝通協調，才能完善黑喉保護區的劃設。

The Atrobucca nibe, commonly known as the black croakers, is one of the important fishery resources in northern Taiwan. However, in recent years, conflicts have been aroused by using different fishing gears from fishermen in the Jinshan and Tamsui. And it would cause a lose-lose situation due to the collapse of the stock if there is no proper fishery management. Therefore, this study aims to not only protect fishery resources but reduce conflicts between the two parties by designating marine protected areas through Marxan which characterized by its widespread usage. Materials and data such as peer literature, hydrographic survey reports, fishermen meetings records, and guidelines for planning marine protected areas have been collected for further uses. In addition, the catch logs have also been asked to fill by fishermen in Jinshan and Tamsui District. Marine Protected Area (MPA) has been designated following the international guidelines e.g. compact, connected and well-defined, and the well-functioned ecosystem and development of social economy have also been considered. We used fishery effort as the costs and CPUE as resource abundance for Marxan parameter settings. The results show that the effort and resource abundance of longline fishing are located at the junctions of the 1st, 1st and 2nd, and 2nd and 3rd quadrants; and on the other hand, the effort and resource of gillnet fishing are mainly located in the 2nd quadrant. The MPA is preliminarily designated in the area between 25 ° 19.8'-24.6'N and 121 ° 24'-27.6'E for higher ecological diversity in rocky sediment and richer croaker resources. Regarding fishing management, The MPA will be classified into core and buffer zone, and it is recommended that all fishing methods are prohibited in the core zone during the fishing season, and environmentally friendly fishing methods such as longline fishing are permitted in the buffer zone. For the impacts of fishing, it was estimated that 12% for the longline and 32% for the gillnet. Further communication and negotiations with stakeholders are still needed in the future for a more comprehensive designation of the MPA.