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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 沈偉強(Wei-Chiang Shen) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Jauhar Syauqi | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 施喬和 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T04:53:11Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-31 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2021-03-03 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2021 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2021-02-18 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/71104 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 水稻，為世界重要糧食作物，全世界約有35億人以稻米為主食。水稻稻熱病，由病原真菌Magnaporthe oryzae所引起，該病害的發生對稻米的生產深具威脅，影響產量甚鉅。在稻熱病的防治上，抗性品種的培育和推廣種植，為有效的措施之一。然而，由於田間稻熱病菌族群的動態消長和快速演替，抗病品種的田間抗性常快速崩解，不易維持。稻熱病的垂直抗性通常遵循「基因對基因」的關係，其中水稻帶有的抗病（R）基因，因對於稻熱病菌所帶有相對應無毒（AVR）基因的辨識，可誘發寄主抗性的產生。因此，分析和監測田間稻熱病菌AVR基因的基因型和演化，為有效維持抗病品種田間抗性的重要工作。本研究利用國際水稻研究所開發的31個LTH IRBL單基因抗病品系進行田間病原族群監測，結果顯示臺灣田間稻熱病菌族群至少具有9個AVR-Pib基因型及12個AVR-Pita1基因型，而目前尚未發現AVR-Pi9基因突變的存在。此外，根據AVR-Pizt、AVR-Pik及AVR-Pib基因的篩選，目前臺灣田間稻熱病菌可分為21群，而針對能否感染帶有Pizt、Pik及Pib基因的水稻品種，可區分為8個不同生理小種。根據族群結構分析，臺東地區稻熱病菌族群最為複雜，存在有10個譜系，而桃園地區的族群最為單純，僅有3個譜系。此外，針對2020年在嘉義鹿草和臺南善化地區發生的穗稻熱病疫情樣品分析，結果顯示可能是由新的獨特稻熱病菌生理小種所引起，明顯有別於已知存在於田間的族群。綜合上述，希望本研究稻熱病菌族群的分析及調查，能夠有效預防稻熱病疫情的發生，並作為水稻永續生產的重要參考資訊。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Rice is an important staple food consumed by an estimated 3.5 billion people worldwide. Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is a dangerous threat to rice production and can reduce rice productivity significantly. Breeding and deployment of resistant variety is one of the effective measures to manage blast disease. However, breakdown of field resistance has been occurred frequently due to highly dynamic and quickly evolved pathogen population in the fields. Blast vertical resistance in rice generally follows a gene-for-gene relationship in which the host plant carrying a specific resistance (R) gene shows resistance against the pathogen with the corresponding avirulence (AVR) gene. Therefore, characterizing and monitoring the genotypes and evolution of AVR genes among field isolates are important tasks to sustain field resistance. Utilizing 31 IRRI LTH IRBL monogenic lines that carry single R genes, 9 genotypes of AVR-Pib gene and 12 genotypes of AVR-Pita1 gene among Taiwan rice blast fungus population were revealed. Furthermore, none of mutation can be identified in the open reading frame of AVR-Pi9 gene. Screening of three important AVR genes, AVR-Pizt, AVR-Pik and AVR-Pib, can differentiate current Taiwan rice blast fungus population into 21 groups, which stand for 8 physiological races based on their abilities to infect the rice lines or varieties containing Pizt, Pik and Pib genes. Based on the population analyses, Taitung contained the most diverse pathogen population with 10 different lineages and Taoyuan had the simplest population with only 3 lineages. Moreover, panicle blast outbreak which occurred in Lucao, Chiayi and Shanhua, Tainan in 2020 was likely caused by new and unique lineages distinct from the common pre-existing population. Taken together, we hope our pathogen surveillance studies will provide the information to prevent blast epidemics and also the foundation for sustainable rice production. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T04:53:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 U0001-1702202110273300.pdf: 26795121 bytes, checksum: 9de85cf174bba715f43aac006e9e720b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Acknowledgment i Abstract ii Chinese Abstract iv Table of Contents vi List of Tables x List of Figures xii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Chapter 2 Literature review 3 2.1 Rice and its importance 3 2.2 Rice blast disease 4 2.3 M. oryzae taxonomy, nomenclature and classification 5 2.4 M. oryzae biology and ecology 5 2.5 Rice/M. oryzae gene for gene concept 7 2.6 Pi-ta/AVR-Pita interaction 9 2.7 Pi-k/AVR-Pik interaction 11 2.8 Piz-t/AVR-Pizt interaction 12 2.9 Pib and AVR-Pib 13 2.10 Pi9 and AVR-Pi9 14 Chapter 3 Materials and methods 16 vii 3.1 Samples collection 16 3.3 DNA extraction 16 3.3.1 Fungal DNA extraction 16 3.3.2 Single lesion DNA extraction 17 3.4 Pot2-rep PCR DNA fingerprinting 18 3.5 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 19 3.5.1 AVR-Pib gene PCR amplification and screening 19 3.5.2 AVR-Pita1 gene PCR amplification 20 3.5.3 AVR-Pi9 gene PCR amplification 20 3.5.4 AVR-Pizt gene PCR screening 21 3.5.5 AVR-Pik gene PCR screening and differentiation 21 3.5.6 M. oryzae mating type screening 22 3.6 PCR product purification, gel extraction, and sequencing 22 3.7 TOPO cloning 24 3.8 Pathogenicity assay 25 3.8.1 Rice plant preparation 25 3.8.2 Rice blast fungus spray inoculation 26 3.8.3 Rice blast fungus spot inoculation 26 3.9 M. oryzae genome references and analysis 27 Chapter 4 Results 28 4.1 Effectiveness of blast resistance genes in Taiwan 28 4.2 Field sample collection and isolation of rice blast isolates 30 4.3 AVR-Pib genotypic polymorphism 32 4.3.1 AVR-Pib gene identification 32 4.3.2 Functional analysis of AVR-Pib genotypes 35 4.3.3 Distribution and frequency of AVR-Pib genotypes 36 4.3.4 Pot2 phylogenetic tree of AVR-Pib virulent isolates with representative 2020 collected isolates 37 4.4 AVR-Pita1 genotypic polymorphism 37 4.4.1 AVR-Pita1 PCR amplification 37 4.4.2 Different number of AVR-Pita1 alleles were present in the genome of Taiwan rice blast fungi 38 4.4.3 AVR-Pita1 allele identification 39 4.5 AVR-Pi9 amplification and open reading frame sequencing 40 4.6 Population analysis of rice blast fungus isolates collected from 2019 and 2020 41 4.6.1 AVR-Pizt and AVR-Pik gene screening of 2019 and 2020 isolates 41 4.6.2 Twenty-one rice blast fungus groups of 2019 and 2020 isolates and their distribution in Taiwan 43 4.6.3 Eight rice blast fungus physiological races of 2019 and 2020 isolates and their distribution in Taiwan 45 4.6.4 Pot2 fingerprinting analysis of 2019 isolates 46 4.6.5 Pot2 fingerprinting analysis of 2020 isolates 47 4.6.6 Dynamic change of rice blast fungus population in Pingtung disease monitoring plot in 2020 50 4.6.7 Panicle blast outbreak in Chiayi and Tainan in 2020 51 Chapter 5 Discussion 53 References 59 Tables 73 Figures 91 Appendix 181 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 稻熱病菌 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 稻熱病 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 軍備競賽 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 無毒基因 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 基因對基因關係 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Magnaporthe oryzae | en |
| dc.subject | Rice blast disease | en |
| dc.subject | AVR gene | en |
| dc.subject | Gene-for-gene | en |
| dc.subject | Arms and race | en |
| dc.title | 臺灣稻熱病菌AVR-Pib、AVR-Pita1和AVR-Pi9基因多型性鑑定及族群動態分析 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Identification of AVR-Pib, AVR-Pita1 and AVR-Pi9 genotypic polymorphism and population dynamics of rice blast fungus in Taiwan | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 109-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | Liliek Sulistyowati(Liliek Sulistyowati),Abdul Latief Abadi(Abdul Latief Abadi) | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鍾嘉綾(Chia-Lin Chung),陳榮坤(Rong-Kuen Chen) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 稻熱病,稻熱病菌,基因對基因關係,無毒基因,軍備競賽, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Rice blast disease,Magnaporthe oryzae,Gene-for-gene,AVR gene,Arms and race, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 206 | |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202100716 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2021-02-18 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 植物病理與微生物學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 植物病理與微生物學系 | |
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