應用影像處理技術於蘆筍溫室自動化害蟲監測系統

Abstract

近十年來，國產蘆筍生產逐年遞減之外，進口來源國之收穫量也逐年劇減，影響臺灣可進口數量，致使國內綠蘆筍年平均拍賣價格水漲船高。由於市場供給未能滿足消費需求，每年每人平均消費量也被迫逐年降低。因此，蘆筍產業輔導實有必要鼓勵在地生產以取代進口供應、推行穩定生產措施(如推廣設施蘆筍生產)，達到穩定品質及提升產量，提升國內蘆筍消費市場自給率。 一般露天栽培每逢梅雨及颱風豪雨即產期終止，只能採收至6月，設施栽培蘆筍則不受限制，不但蟲害減少，且不受雨水傳播易致死的莖枯病危害，產期也延長變成全年可收穫。臺南市將軍區農會近年推廣設施栽培，以溫室種植蘆筍，延長蘆筍產期最高到8個月。 但因蘆筍屬高需肥性作物，設施內土壤沒有受雨水淋洗，土壤物理化學性質易因施用肥料過量累積⼀段時間而導致惡化，須時常輔導進行檢測處理以維持設施內土壤正常，如此可增加蘆筍經濟栽培年限，使蘆筍收益增加，促進蘆筍生產者栽培意願，增加設施利用與筍農收益。 在環境監測部分，由無線感測器網路測量環境的溫度與濕度。在害蟲監測部分，害蟲誘捕機制優化與防治措施建議亦是提高農業品質方式，因此搭配蟲害爆發預警系統與環境控制系統，將可在蟲害發生之前，做出適當的防治措施，降低蟲害所導致的經濟損失。期望可降低害蟲危害，並穩定生產品質及提升產量，並提升國內蘆筍消費市場自給率。

In the past ten years, the domestic production of asparagus declined, and the number of asparagus harvested in the countries that exported asparagus to Taiwan also decreased. This caused the average annual auction price of domestic green asparagus to rise. As the market supply fails to meet consumer demands, the average annual consumption per capita has also decreased over time. Therefore, it is necessary to promote local production of asparagus to replace the imported supplies, take stable production measures (such as promoting asparagus produced in facilities), achieve stable quality and improve outputs of asparagus, and increase the self-sufficiency rate of the domestic asparagus production. For asparagus, open-air cultivation ends when the rainy and typhoon season begins, so it can only be harvested until June. Asparagus cultivated in facilities, however, is not restricted to such a rule. Facility cultivation reduces the chance of pest outbreaks, and asparagus would not be harmed by rain-transmitted stem blight. The growing season of asparagus is year-round. For example, the Farmers’ Association of Jiangjun District in Tainan City has promoted facility cultivation in recent years, using greenhouses to grow asparagus to extend the asparagus production period up to eight months. However, facility cultivation may encounter some challenges. For example, asparagus is a crop with high fertility. The soil in the facility is not washed by rain, so the physical and chemical quality of the soil is easily deteriorated due to excessive application of fertilizers for a long period of time. Thus, it is necessary to monitor and treat the soil in the facility to maintain its quality. In the environmental monitoring part, the temperature and humidity of the environment are measured by the wireless sensor network. In the part of pest monitoring, the optimization of pest trapping mechanism and suggestions for prevention and control measures are also ways to improve the quality of agriculture. Therefore, with the pest outbreak early warning system and environmental control system, appropriate prevention and control measures can be taken before pests occur to reduce the damage caused by pests. Economic losses. It is expected to reduce pest damage, stabilize production quality and increase output, and increase the self-sufficiency rate of the domestic asparagus consumer market.