漢語鼻音韻尾變異類型研究

Abstract

語言學作為與時俱變的現代學科，解釋角度的多元性仍有待深入開發；本文論題為「漢語鼻音韻尾變異現象」，此題雖已有許多研究方法的實踐，我們仍企圖從鼻音語音徵性的探討出發，藉由語言類型學的觀點與方法，更細緻地探討漢語鼻尾語音變異的模式與演變歷程。 本文研究主題與成果如下： （1）探討「鼻音徵性」對漢語鼻尾語音格局與類型演變的影響。 （2）對鼻尾兩大音變作用「鼻尾弱化」與「鼻尾合併」的深入探析。 （3）鼻音徵性、鼻尾性質及前接元音語音性質：從前接元音「低或非低」性質對鼻尾音變的影響，確認主要元音與鼻尾在音變上的密切關係。 （4）漢語鼻尾語音格局三大類型：[m]韻尾保存型、[n]、[ŋ]韻尾對立型、簡化鼻尾型，以及十四個次類型的建構與分析。 （5）指出歷時和共時材料皆存在的「低元音韻或前鼻尾韻先發生鼻尾弱化」與「非低元音韻前後鼻尾合併」的鼻尾變異趨向。 （6）歷史與地理觀點的比較分析，相關子題如下: 「漢語史鼻尾格局的地域對立：從東西對立到南北對立」； 「官話方言紛雜的鼻尾格局問題」； 「古齊魯方言與現代冀魯膠遼官話弱化鼻尾區域特色之異同」； 「江東方言鼻尾弱化的古今對照」； 「再探楚方言以真耕合韻為方音特色之理據與相關問題」 「唐五代西北方音與蘭銀官話的鼻尾格局」； 「中部湘贛方言在鼻尾演變上的過渡性質」； 「粵語語音最正的闡釋：以其鼻尾格局為例」； 「台灣國語鼻尾合流音變成因的探索」； 「鼻尾合併音變[-m>-n>-ŋ]理論的修正」。 本文嘗試將現代方言鼻尾變異的分析結果和漢語史上的鼻尾音變現象聯繫在一起，將現代漢語方言鼻尾類型平行比較的結果，與漢語史材料做縱的對比。此外，我們也探討漢語鼻尾格局在地理上的分布，指出鼻尾格局的區域特色如何構成方言差異。 漢語鼻音韻尾變異類型的研究，是綜合了語音學和音韻學概念，以探索鼻尾的「語音格局」為核心，對漢語歷時與共時材料，做了大規模的整理與分析工作。作為充實漢語語音史「鼻音韻尾變異」這個環節的研究，本文的貢獻是呈現了漢語鼻尾演變的時空脈絡，釐清了漢語鼻尾音變的諸多問題；並藉著各方言發展上的差異，為漢語目前所見的鼻尾語音格局進行分類，實踐了語言類型學取向的研究。

Linguistics, as a modern discipline that changes with time, the multiplicity of interpretation angles is still in-depth development. The topic of this paper is the variation of Chinese nasal rhyme tail. This horse has many research methods, we still try Starting from the discussion of the phonological characteristics of nasal sounds, the evolution of Chinese nasal endings is discussed in more detail through the viewpoints and methods of linguistic typology. There are four research themes in this paper: (1) Nasal phonological characteristics and the pattern and type of nasal rhymes in modern Chinese dialects The impact of change. (2) Analysis of the two major changes in the rhyme of the nasal sound: the weakening of the nasal sound and the merger of the fish. (3) The difference in the internal evolution of nasal weakening and nasal genus: affected by the fishtail vowel. (4) Analysis of the genus of the genus genus Three types of sputum: [m] rhyme preservation type, [n], [1 rhyme-tailed, simplified nose-tail type, and fourteen types. (5) Point out the trend of fishtail variation in 'Low 1 child rhyme or fried fish is the first to be weakened by the fish' and 'combined with non-low mercury after the fried fish'. (6) Comparison of historical and geographical views Analysis, related sub-problems such as 'the geographical opposition of the fish genus pattern: from the east-west opposition to the north-south opposition', 'the problem of the fishtail pattern of the Mandarin dialect', 'the ancient Qilu dialect and the modern Lulu Jiaoliao official weakening the nose area 'The similarities and differences between the characteristics of the domain', 'Ancient and modern contrasts of the weakening of Jiang Dongfang's Xuan Dian', 'the nose-tail pattern of the northwestern dialect of the Tang and Five Dynasties and the official language of the Lanyin', and the 'transitional nature of the central Hunan-Guangxi dialect in the evolution of the fishtail'. This paper attempts to link the results of the analysis of the black genus of the modern genus Xuanyu with the rhinoceros phenomenon in the history of Chinese, and compare the results of the parallel comparison of the types of modern Chinese friends to win the fish, and compare them with the materials of Chinese history. The study of the type of rhythm of Chinese nasal rhymes is a synthesis of the concepts of phonetics and phonology. The exploration of the squid, the voice pattern as the core, has done a large-scale collation and analysis of Chinese diachronic and synchronic materials. As a study to enrich the history of Chinese phonetics, the variation of the nasal rhyme tail, this paper's contribution It presents the spatial and temporal context of the evolution of Chinese fishtails, clarifies many problems of Chinese nasal tail sounds; and through the differences in the development of dialects, it classifies the pattern of fishtail semantics currently seen in Chinese, and practices the study of linguistic typology.