冷戰後歐盟建軍之發展（1989－2018）──兼論「永久性結構防衛合作」之分析

Abstract

冷戰的局勢形塑出大西洋主義當道的歷史事實。而冷戰結束後，歐盟再度開啟安全合作與防衛整合的進程，展現其加強自主防衛能力之意願。包括1992年《馬斯垂克條約》下的「共同外交與安全政策」、1998年的《聖馬洛宣言》催生了「共同安全與防衛政策」以及2017年「永久性結構防衛合作」對軍事能力的全面合作等，皆顯示出歐盟在建軍問題上的努力。不過談論到建立一支歐盟的常備軍隊，仍舊存在諸多困難。因此本文除了回顧自1990年代以來歐洲安全合作的歷程之外，也透過「永久性結構防衛合作」的發展，剖析過去歐盟建軍之阻礙，以期對研究歐盟建軍相關議題者，提供階段性的貢獻。

The Cold War shaped the powerful need for Atlanticism. After the end of the Cold War, the European Reunion re-instigated the strengthening of security cooperation at a national level. The arduous war was the final push needed to encourage defense integration to enhance the ability for European countries to defend themselves. This resulted in the acknowledged efforts to create armed forces by the EU, including the establishment of Common Foreign and Security Policy by the Maastricht Treaty in 1992, the creation of the European Security and Defense Policy by the Saint-Malo Declaration in 1998, and Permanent Structured Cooperation for overall cooperation in 2017. However, when it came to the EU forming a standing army, several difficulties still existed. Therefore, this article reviews the process of European security cooperation since 1990 and analyzes the creation of EU army through the development of Permanent Structured Cooperation. The purpose of this study is to make a contribution to the issues related to the creation of EU army for prospective researchers.