論台灣野生動物貿易管制規範之革新：國際與比較法的觀點

Abstract

動物保護的法治規範在台灣歷經多年的修正目前已然成形，然而單單以《動物保育法》之規範期待形塑完整的野生動物保護卻有其侷限，這與本文在文中分析華盛頓公約的效果侷限有其相似之處，以保育為目標的法規範，由於往往缺乏經濟貿易管制方面的考量，其達成的效果可能侷限於管制中執行所能達成之處，但期望藉由禁止狩獵達成禁止買賣，這種上行下效的實然性則往往稀缺，因而在規範中似乎有必要對於整體貿易鏈有所認識，並在各連結中鑲嵌適當的管制機制，本文之研究則在於探看這樣的管制可能性。因而「貿易」與「物種保育」的調和與管制情況是本文著力的重點所在，從國際規範、國際組織對於物種貿易的管制及政策，到比較法觀點的內國管制，最後聚焦到台灣的野生動物貿易管制，從內國法制和國際現況檢視台灣的貿易管制上所存在的現況問題，期許在體制革新的道路上能提供一些可資參考的資訊。

Nowadays, Taiwan’s wildlife legislations have almost been well-formed. However simply rely on Wildlife Conservation Act has appeared to have limits as the regulation often set goals on the environmental conservation, and ignore to consider the economic and trade elements that derive from human needs and desire. Many research have mentioned that this ignorance results in the inefficiency of the international environmental convention. Many countries therefore in turn to seek World Trade Organization and multilateral agreement for assistance. Accordingly, “trade” and “conservation” need balance. In this article, I thought to explore how the U.S. government, and Singapore government deal with the balance. By observing these environmental law as well as trade law, I find out two different models. Last but not the least, I focus on the Taiwan’s wildlife conservation law and trade law to see how the government build the control system. Through inspecting the history, I found out that while the conservation law has been slowly formed, the attitude of the legislators have appear to be too passive. Due to the passive attitude of the government, the control over trade and conservation seems to out of balance.