預措處理對13種木本植物種子發芽之影響

Abstract

為便於家庭園藝種子森林盆栽的應用，本研究以‘Eureka’檸檬 (Citrus limon L. Burm. F. ‘Eureka’)、椪柑(Citrus reticulata Blanco)、柳橙(Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck ‘Liucheng’)、麻豆白柚(Citrus grandis Osbeck ‘Mato Paiyu’)、月橘(Murraya exotica L.)、臺灣欒樹(Koelreuteria henryi Dummer)、‘粉殼’龍眼 (Dimocarpus longan Lour. ‘Fen-Ke’)、大葉桃花心木(Swietenia macrophylla King)、羊蹄甲(Bauhinia variegata L.)、水黃皮(Pongamia pinnata L. Pierr ex Merr.)、‘茂木’枇杷 (Eriobotrya japonica ‘Mozi’)、番石榴‘珍珠拔’(Psidium guajava L. ‘Jen-Ju Bar’)、竹柏(Nageia nagi Thunb. O. Ktze.) 共13種木本種子為材料，進行冷水浸種、溫湯浸種、過氧化氫(H2O2)、次氯酸鈉(NaOCl)、醋酸(CH3COOH)及激勃素(Gibberellins, GA3)浸種共6種種子預措處理。檸檬、椪柑、柳橙、麻豆白柚等四種柑橘屬種子另多加去除外種皮處理。 在不同水溫浸種方面，對13種作物進行兩種水溫浸種，分別為25°C冷水浸種及55°C溫湯浸種，調查其發芽率、平均發芽天數、T50及發芽速率指數。四種柑橘屬另多加去除外種皮處理。由於試驗結果繁雜，此處把促進發芽效果定義為：能提升種子總發芽率或能縮短平均發芽天數之效果。試驗結果顯示，四種柑橘屬種子呈現類似的結果，促進發芽能力：去除種皮>冷水浸種>溫湯浸種>對照組；大葉桃花心木、羊蹄甲、臺灣欒樹及番石榴種子呈現類似的結果，促進發芽能力：冷水浸種>溫湯浸種≥對照組；水黃皮促進發芽能力：溫湯浸種>冷水浸種>對照組；枇杷、月橘、龍眼及竹柏呈現類似的結果，促進發芽能力：冷水浸種≥對照組>溫湯浸種。 在化學浸種方面，對13種作物進行四種化學藥劑浸種，分別為5%過氧化氫(H2O2)、6.25%次氯酸鈉(NaOCl)、4.5%醋酸(CH3COOH)及500 mg∙L-1激勃素(Gibberellins, GA3)，調查其發芽率，平均發芽天數及發芽速率指數。試驗結果顯示，四種柑橘屬種子以NaOCl處理具有最佳之促進發芽能力；大葉桃花心木及臺灣欒樹促進發芽能力：H2O2、NaOCl及CH3COOH>GA3>對照組；羊蹄甲及月橘以GA3處理具有最佳之促進發芽能力；枇杷促進發芽能力：H2O2、NaOCl及GA3> CH3COOH及對照組；水黃皮促進發芽能力：對照組>H2O2、NaOCl、CH3COOH及GA3；番石榴以CH3COOH處理具有最佳之促進發芽能力；龍眼及竹柏促進發芽能力：GA3≥對照組>H2O2、NaOCl、CH3COOH。 在複合處理方面，探討不同預措處理搭配對6種木本種子發芽之影響。試驗分兩組，第一組以檸檬、大葉桃花心木、羊蹄甲為材料，進行單因子處理(A. H2O2 5%浸種、B. NaOCl 6.25%浸種、C. CH3COOH 4.5%浸種、D.55℃溫湯浸種)及雙因子複合處理(E.溫湯+ NaOCl、F.溫湯+ H2O2、G.溫湯+CH3COOH)。第二組以月橘、枇杷‘茂木’、番石榴‘珍珠拔’為材料，進行單因子處理(A. H2O2 5%浸種、B. NaOCl 6.25%浸種、C. CH3COOH 4.5%浸種、H.500 mg∙L-1 GA3浸種)及雙因子複合處理(I. GA3+ NaOCl、J. GA3+ H2O2、K. GA3+CH3COOH)。第一組試驗結果顯示：檸檬於單因子處理發芽率至76%以上，B處理效果最佳(達85%)，複合處理則提升發芽率至84%以上，E處理效果最佳(達90%)；大葉桃花心木及羊蹄甲於所有處理發芽率分別均達92%及87%以上，平均發芽天數為對照組>單因子處理>複合處理，發芽天數最短分別為16天(E、F處理)及15.1天(F處理)。第二組試驗結果顯示：番石榴於單因子處理發芽率至25%以上，H處理效果最佳(達41%)，複合處理則提升發芽率至48%以上，K處理效果最佳(達59%)；枇杷於所有處理發芽率均達92%以上，平均發芽天數為對照組>單因子處理>複合處理，發芽天數最短為6.5天(I處理)；月橘於所有處理發芽率均達92%以上，平均發芽天數為對照組>單因子處理及複合處理，發芽天數最短為5.2天(H處理)。

In order to facilitate the application of home plant seed forest potted plants, this study used 13 woody plant species seeds (Citrus limon L. Burm. F. ‘Eureka’, Citrus reticulata Blanco, Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck ‘Liucheng’, Citrus grandis Osbeck ‘Mato Paiyu’, Murraya exotica L., Koelreuteria henryi Dummer, Dimocarpus longan Lour. ‘Fen-Ke’, Swietenia macrophylla King, Bauhinia variegata L., Pongamia pinnata L. Pierr ex Merr., Eriobotrya japonica ‘Mozi’, Psidium guajava L. ‘Jen-Ju Bar’ and Nageia nagi Thunb. O. Ktze. as material to conduct six pretreatments (cold water soaking, warm water soaking, hydrogen peroxide soaking, sodium hypochlorite soaking, acetic acid soaking and Gibberellins soaking.). Four Citrus seeds were also conducted seed-coat removal treatment. In the different water temperature soaking tests, we conducted 25oC cold water soaking (CWS) and 55oC warm water soaking (WWS) two water temperature soaking treatments on 13 woody plant species seeds mentioned above and investigated their germination percentage, average germination day, T50 and germination rate index. Four Citrus seeds also conducted seed-coat removal (SR) treatment. Due to the complicated test results, the promotion of germination capacity was defined as the effect of increasing the germination rate of the seeds or shortening average germination day. The promotion of germination capacity in four Citrus seeds showed the similar results: SR>CWS>WWS>control; The promotion of germination capacity in Swietenia macrophylla King, Bauhinia variegata L., Koelreuteria henryi Dummer and Psidium guajava L. ‘Jen-Ju Bar’ showed the similar results: CWS>WWS≥control; The promotion of germination capacity in Pongamia pinnata L. Pierr ex Merr. showed the results: WWS>CWS>control; The promotion of germination capacity in Eriobotrya japonica ‘Mozi’, Murraya exotica L., Dimocarpus longan Lour. ‘Fen-Ke’ and Nageia nagi Thunb. O. Ktze. showed the similar results: CWS≥control>WWS. In the chemical soaking tests, we conducted four chemical soaking treatments: 5% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)、6.25%sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)、4.5%acetic acid (CH3COOH) and 500 mg∙L-1 Gibberellins (GA3) on 13 woody plant species seeds mentioned above and investigated their germination percentage, average germination day, T50 and germination rate index. NaOCl showed the best promotion of germination capacity in four Citrus seeds; The promotion of germination capacity in Swietenia macrophylla King and Koelreuteria henryi Dummer showed the similar results: H2O2, NaOCl and CH3COOH>GA3>control; GA3 showed the best promotion of germination capacity in Bauhinia variegata L. and Murraya exotica L.; The promotion of germination capacity in Eriobotrya japonica ‘Mozi’ showed the results: H2O2, NaOCl and GA3> CH3COOH and control; The promotion of germination capacity in Pongamia pinnata L. Pierr ex Merr. showed the results: control>H2O2, NaOCl, CH3COOH and GA3; CH3COOH showed the best promotion of germination capacity in Psidium guajava L. ‘Jen-Ju Bar’; The promotion of germination capacity in Dimocarpus longan Lour. ‘Fen-Ke’ and Nageia nagi Thunb. O. Ktze.showed the results: GA3≥control>H2O2, NaOCl, CH3COOH. In the complex pretreatment tests, treatment was divided into two part. The first part used Citrus limon L. Burm. F. ‘Eureka’, Swietenia macrophylla King and Bauhinia variegata L. as material to conduct single-factor treatment (A. 5% hydrogen peroxide soaking, B. 6.25% sodium hypochlorite soaking, C. 4.5% acetic acid soaking, and D. 55 oC warm water soaking) and double-factor treatment (E. warm water soaking+NaOCl, F. warm water soaking+H2O2, G. warm water soaking+CH3COOH). The second part used Murraya exotica L., Eriobotrya japonica ‘Mozi’ and Psidium guajava L. ‘Jen-Ju Bar’ as material to conduct single-factor treatment (A. 5% hydrogen peroxide soaking, B. 6.25% sodium hypochlorite soaking, C 4.5% acetic acid soaking, and H.500 mg∙L-1 GA3 soaking) and double-factor treatment (I. GA3+NaOCl、J. GA3+H2O2、K. GA3+CH3COOH). The results of the first part showed that germination rate of Citrus limon L. Burm. F. ‘Eureka’ reached to over 76% with single factor treatment, the best effect was achieved by treatment B (up to 85%), the germination rate reached to over 84% with double-factor treatment, and the best effect was obtained with treatment E (up to 90%); The germination rate of Swietenia macrophylla King and Bauhinia variegata L. were up to over 92% and 87% respectively with all treatments. The average germination days from high to low were as follows: control group, single factor treatment, double-factor treatment. The shortest germination days of the mahogany were 16 days (treatments E and F) and the orchid tree were 15.1 days (treatment F). The results of the second part showed that germination rate of Psidium guajava L. ‘Jen-Ju Bar’ reached to over 25% with single factor treatment, the best effect was achieved by treatment H (up to 41%), the germination rate reached to over 48% with double-factor treatment, and the best effect was obtained with treatment K (up to 59%); The germination rate of Eriobotrya japonica ‘Mozi’ and Murraya exotica L. were up to over 92% with all treatments. The average germination days from high to low were as follows: control group, single factor treatment, double-factor treatment. The shortest germination days of the loquat were 6.5 days (treatment I) and the Orange Jasmine were 5.2 days (treatment H).