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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 野澤洋耕(Yoko Nozawa) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yu-sin Huang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 黃玉馨 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-17T09:23:17Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2012-08-29 | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-05-17T09:23:17Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2012-08-29 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2012-08-22 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | 方士碩 (2010) The growth and propagation of a coral-killing black sponge, Terpios hoshinota in Greed Island, Taiwan. MS thesis of National Sun Yat-sen University
林紋如 (2009) 綠島珊瑚礁海域星野黑皮海綿的生長率及防治實驗 國家公園學報 二零零九年第十九卷第三期 46-59 Arillo A, Bavestrello G, Burlando B, Sarà M (1993) Metabolic integration between symbiotic cyanobacteria and sponges: a possible mechanism. Marine Biology 117: 159-162 Barnes RSK, Calow P, Olive PJW, Golding DW, Spicer JI (2001) The Invertebrates: a Synthesis. Oxford, Blackwell Publishing 46-52. Bryan PG (1973) Growth rate, toxicity and distribution of the encrusting sponge Terpios sp. (Hadromerida: Suberitidae) in Guam, Mariana Islands. Micronesica 9: 237-242 Corredor JE, Wilkinson CR, Vicente VP, Morell JM, Otero E (1988) Nitrate release by Caribbean reef sponges. Limnology and Oceanography 33(1): 114-120 Ereskovsky AV (2007) Sponge embryology: the past, the present and the future. In: Custódio MR, Lôbo-Hajdu G, Hajdu E, Muricy G (eds). Porifera research: biodiversity, innovation and sustainability. Série Livros 28. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro. 41-52 Ereskovsky AV, Boury-Esnault N (2002) Cleavage pattern in Oscarella species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Homoscleromorpha): transmission of maternal cells and symbiotic bacteria. Journal of Natural History 36: 1761-1775 Ereskovsky AV, Dondua AK (2006) The problem of germ layers in sponges (Porifera) and some issues concerning early metazoan evolution. Zoologischer Anzeiger 245: 65-76 Ereskovsky AV, Gonobobleva E (2005) Morphological evidence for vertical transmission of symbiotic bacteria in the viviparous sponge Halisarca dujardini Johnston (Porifera, Demospongiae, Halisarcida) Marine Biology 146: 869-875 Ereskovsky AV, Renard E, Borchiellini C (2012) Cellular and molecular processes leading to embryo formation in sponges : evidences for high cinservation of processes throughout animal evolution. Development Genes and Evolution published online: 29 April Fieseler L, Horn M, Wagner M, Hentschel U (2004) Discovery of the novel candidate phylum ”Poribacteria ”in marine sponges. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70: 3724-3732 Fujii T, Hirose E, Keshavmurthy S, Chen CA, Zhou W, Reimer JD (2011) Coral-killing cyanobacteriosponge (Terpios hoshinota) on the Great Barrier Reef. Coral Reefs 30: 483 Giese AC, Pearse JS (eds) (1991) Reproduction of marine invertebrates. New York: Academic Press Hirose E, Murakami A (2011) Microscopic anatomy and pigment characterization of coral-encrusting black sponge with cyanobacterial symbiont, Terpios hoshinota. Zoological Science 28: 199-205 John HA, Campo MS, Mackenzie AM, Kemp RB (1971) Role of different sponge cell types in species specific cell aggregation. Nature New Biology 230: 126-128 Leys SP, Ereskovsky AV (2006) Embryogenesis and larval differentiation in sponges. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84: 262-287 Liao MH, Tang SL, Hsu CM, Wen KC, Wu H, Chen WM, Wang JT, Meng PJ, Twan WH, Lu CK, Dai CF, Soong K, Chen CA (2007) The ‘’black disease’’ of reef-building corals at Green Island, Taiwan – Outbreak of a Cyanobacteriosponge, Terpios hoshinota ( Suberitidae; Hadromerida). Zoological Study 46(4): 520 Maldonado M (2006) The ecology of the sponge larva. Canadian Journal of Zoology 84: 175-194 Maldonado M, Bergquist P (2002)《Phylum Porifera》In: Young CM, Sewell MA, Rice ME (eds) Atlas of Marine Invertebrate Larvae. San Diego: Academic Press, 21-50 Maldonado M, Riesgo A (2008) Reproduction in the phylum Porifera: a synoptic overview. Treballs de la SCB. 59: 29-49 Maldonado M, Riesgo A (2009) Gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and larval features of the oviparous sponge Petrosia ficiformis (Haplosclerida, Demospongiae) Marine Biology 156: 2181-2197 Mercurio M, Corriero G, Gaino E (2007) A 3-year investigation of sexual reproduction in Geodia cydonium (Jameson 1811) (Porifera, Demospongiae) from a semi-enclosed Mediterranean bay. Marine Biology 151: 1491-1500 Müller WEG (ed) Sponges (Porifera) Berlin; New York: Springer, c2003 Plucer-Rosario G (1987) The effect of substratum on the growth of Terpios, an encrusting sponge which kills corals. Coral Reefs 5: 197-200 Riesgo A, Maldonado M (2008) Differences in reproductive timing among sponges sharing habitat and thermal regime. Invertebrate Biology 127(4): 357-367 Riesgo A, Maldonado M (2009) Ultrastructure of oogenesis of two oviparous demosponges: Axinella damicornis and Raspaciona aculeata (Porifera). Tissue and Cell 41: 51-65 Rutzler K, Muzik K(1993) Terpios hoshinota, a new cyanobacteriosponge threatening Pacific reefs. Scientia Marina 57: 395-403 Schmitt S, Weisz JB, Lindquist N, Hentschel U (2007) Vertical transmission of a phylogenetically complex microbial consortium in the viviparous sponge Ircinia felix. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Apr. 2067-2078 Smith LC (1988) The role of mesohyl cells in sponge allograft rejections. In: Grosberg RK, Hedgecock D, Nelson K [ed.] Invertebrate Historecognition. New York: Plenum Press, 15-31 Usher KM, Kuo J, Fromont J, Sutton DC (2001) Vertical transmission of cyanobacterial symbionts in the marine sponge Chondrilla australiensis (Demospongia). Hydrobiologia 461: 15-23 Usher KM, Sutton DC, Toze S, Kuo J, Fromont J (2004) Sexual reproduction in Chondrilla australiensis (Porifera: Demospongiae). Marine and Freshwater Research 55: 123-134 Wang et al. (2012) A coral-killing sponge, Terpios hoshinota, releases larvae harboring cyanobacterial symbionts: an implication of dispersal. Zoological studies 51(5): 314-320 Wilkinson CR, Garrone R, Vacelet J (1984) Marine sponges discriminate between food bacteria and bacterial symbionts: electron microscope radioautography and in situ evidence. Proceedings of the Royal Society. B220: 519-528 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/6991 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 在2006年台灣珊瑚總體檢時，發現了以往未曾被注意到的現象：在綠島及蘭嶼，一種黑色的海綿覆蓋了多種石珊瑚，鑑定結果發現，是一種有藍菌共生的海綿Terpios hoshinota（星野黑皮海綿），其擁有生長快速的特性，且能覆蓋跨種類的石珊瑚，嚴重降低當地石珊瑚的覆蓋率及生物多樣性。雖然早在1973年就有星野黑皮海綿在關島大爆發的報導及初步的研究，但直到現在，對於其族群量遽增的原因及其族群動態仍不了解。此篇研究針對在綠島的星野黑皮海綿族群，以標記特定群體(colony)進行密集採樣(2011年6月16日到8月17日，2-3天採樣一次)，再以組織切片染色法探討其配子發育及胚胎發育；並每2-3天觀察紀錄25個群體幼生排放的情況。
組織切片的結果顯示：(1)星野黑皮海綿的精發育時間很短，小於8天，精子的釋放有半月周期存在，時間與滿月及新月的時間相同，(2)卵(< 40 μm)及早期胚胎在各個時間點都有被觀察到，顯示卵持續被製造出來，(3)成熟胚胎(length: ~400 µm, width 285 µm)出現在滿月及新月附近，且在組織切片中發現成熟胚胎的時間點與野外觀察到的幼生排放時間點相符合；可能是受到精子排放的半月週期影響，導致胚胎成熟及排放的時間近似半月週期。 從組織切片的結果，推測星野黑皮海綿的胚胎發育過程可分為三個階段：(1)在一個由扁平細胞(pinacocytes)包圍的腔室中，由成體提供的共生藍菌及海綿細胞逐漸累積；早期胚胎並非位於此腔室中，而是在此腔室之外進行卵裂，(2)卵裂進行到某個階段後，胚胎進入扁平細胞包圍的腔室中，繼續分裂增生，(3) 最後胚胎細胞包圍在整團細胞(大部分是藍菌)的最外層，完成胚胎發育。此種胚胎發育過程相當獨特，未曾有研究指出類似的胚胎發育過程，將來可對星野黑皮海綿的胚胎做更進一步的研究，提供更多關於海綿胚胎發育的資訊。在成體海綿體內共生的藍菌也出現在胚胎的中央空腔內及幼生體內，顯示星野黑皮海綿在胚胎發育過程中獲得和親代相同的共生菌。 星野黑皮海綿的幼生排放後會附著於海綿表面，在野外可直接用肉眼觀察，經過兩個月的野外觀察(每兩到三天觀察一次)，發現在六月中、七月初、七月中及八月中有大規模的幼生釋放，此四次幼生釋放事件為整個公館港的族群同時進行，一次釋放持續約八天，中間日為釋放的高峰；每株海綿排放幼生的數量及面積差異很大，但同一個群體的幼生是同時釋放，亦即幼生排放事件在單一群體內及整個族群都是同時發生；其中七月十五日在25株海綿中有24株排放幼生(96%)。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Outbreaks of the black cyanobacteriosponge, Terpios hoshinota have been reported in Green Island and Orchid Island, Taiwan since 2006. Because T. hoshinota grows fast and has the ability to kill and overgrow scleractinian corals, the outbreak of T. hoshinota results in serious decrease of coral coverage and biodiversity. Although the outbreak of T. hoshinota has also been reported in Guam and Ryukyu Archipelago (Japan) since 1970s, little is known about its life history and ecology of T. hoshinota, which are essential to understand its outbreak mechanisms and population dynamics after the outbreak. Accordingly, in this study, some reproductive information of T. hoshinota (gametogenesis, embryogenesis and larval release pattern) was examined in Green Island, Taiwan. Intensive sampling and field observation of 2-3 day intervals were performed on 15 tagged colonies as well as haphazardly chosen colonies for 2 months (June 16-August 17) in 2011.
Histological observations revealed some patterns in sexual reproduction of T. hoshinota: (1) spermatogenesis is very short (< 8 days); sperm was released on a semi-lunar cycle around the full moon and new moon, (2) oocytes (< 40 μm) and early embryos were always presented, and (3) mature embryos (length: ~400 µm, width 285 µm) were presented only around the full moon and new moon. The semi-lunar cycle of embryo maturation is also coincided well with larval release timing observed in the field (around the full moon and new moon). One larval release event continued for ~8 days. The semi-lunar cycle of embryo maturation and larval release may be determined by the semi-lunar cycle of sperm-release. Embryogenesis of T. hoshinota was unique and never been reported: (1) embryo at morula stage developed outside the embryo-nursing chamber, which consisted of a single layer of pinacocytes and contained numerous cyanobacteria and maternal sponge cells transferred gradually from adult, (2) and then embryo penetrated into the nursing chamber and underwent blastulation, (3) finally, embryonic cells migrated to the periphery of the nursing chamber, packed all of the cyanobacteria and maternal sponge cells inside, and formed a compact single outer layer to become a mature embryo. Symbiotic cyanobacteria were not found in oocyte, but numerously in central cavity of mature embryo and larvae, suggesting vertical transmission of the symbionts from mother sponges to larvae during embryogenesis. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-17T09:23:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-R97241209-1.pdf: 4808341 bytes, checksum: 5f806e691ab1e806b5eb36f9ba7956fe (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | CONTENTS
誌謝 i 中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iv CONTENTS vi LIST OF FIGURES vii LIST OF TABLES ix Introduction 1 Materials and methods 12 Results 15 Discussion 23 Literature cited 31 LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 1 Larval types in sponges (Maldonado & Bergquist, 2002) 35 Fig. 2 Embryogenesis in sponges (Ereskovsky, 2007) 36 Fig. 3 A Terpios hoshinota colony in Gong-guan habor, Green Island, Taiwan 37 Fig. 4 Study site 38 Fig. 5 Spermatic cysts of Terpios hoshinota 39 Fig. 6 Oocytes and a fertilizing oocyte surrounded by sperm of Terpios hoshinota 40 Fig. 7 Many embryos in Terpios hoshinota 41 Fig. 8 Presence of gametes (oocytes and sperm) and mature embryos of Terpios hoshinota in mid-June to mid-August in 2011 42 Fig. 9 Different stages of embryogenesis in Terpios hoshinota 43 Fig. 10 Embryo-nursing chamber enclosed the “cell mass” 44 Fig. 11 An embryo presented in the embryo-nursing chamber and surrounded by cyanobacteria and maternal sponge cells 45 Fig. 12 Columnar embryonic cells enclose the “cell mass” 46 Fig. 13 Some other stages in embryogenesis 47 Fig. 14 Presence of the “cell mass” and embryos at different embryogenic stages in 5 Terpios hoshinota colonies during the 2 month study period 48 Fig. 15 Terpios hoshinota larvae on adult colony surfaces. 49 Fig. 16 Larval releasing areas on different colonies of Terpios hoshinota. 50 Fig. 17 In situ larval release patterns of Terpios hoshinota in Green Island for 2 months from mid-June to mid-August, 2011 51 Fig. 18 Presence of embryos and larvae in 5 tagged Terpios hoshinota colonies in Green Island for 2 months from mid-June to mid-August, 2011 52 Fig. 19 Comparison of larval release between the morning and the evening 53 Fig. 20 Tissue culture plates used in the settlement experiments for larvae of Terpios hoshinota. 53 Fig. 21 Larvae of Terpios hoshinota in a well of the tissue culture plate. 54 Fig. 22 Terpios hoshinota larvae settling on sand and stone. 54 Fig. 23 Settlement patterns of Terpios hoshinota larvae collected on August 12, 13 and 14, 2011 under 2 light conditions. 55 Fig. 24 Photographic images of Terpios hoshinota larvae and settlers 56 Fig. 25 A possible embryogenesis process of Terpios hoshinota 57 Fig. 26 Diagram of embryogenesis of Chondrosia reniformis (Ereskovsky & Dondua, 2006). 58 LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Size of oocytes and time needed for gametogenesis in sponges 59 Table 2 Comparison of frequency of Terpios hoshinota colonies with larvae at the depths of 3 m and 10 m. 59 Table 3 Characteristics of Clavablastula and embryo of Terpios hoshinota 60 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.title | 綠島(台灣)星野黑皮海綿(Terpios hoshinota)之有性生殖研究及野外族群幼生排放之觀察 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Sexual reproduction of the black sponge, Terpios hoshinota, and in situ observation of its larval release in Green Island, Taiwan | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | 戴昌鳳 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 湯森林 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 星野黑皮海綿,綠島,有性生殖,配子發育,胚胎發育,幼生釋放,共生菌, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Terpios hoshinota,Green Island,sexual reproduction,gametogenesis,embryogenesis,larval release,symbiotic cyanobacteria, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 60 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2012-08-22 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 海洋研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 海洋研究所 | |
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