應用3D列印製作固定化微生物處理生活污水

Abstract

厭氧消化通常用於高濃度有機廢棄物之處理，不被視為生活污水的處理方法之一。然而，其節省曝氣能源和生產比傳統化石燃料更清潔之可燃氣體–甲烷，此優勢使其更具有使用價值。生物載體(Bio-carrier)因其可攜帶性和有效性已廣泛用於廢水處理，影響生物載體性能的因素如面積、孔隙度和水流量。在本研究中，以3D列印技術製造生物載體以解決上述困難，並運用固定化(Immobilized)技術包覆高濃度厭氧菌種提升載體的效能。在不同的水力停留時間（HRT）下進行實驗，監測進流與出流之pH、總固體（TS）、懸浮固體（SS）和化學需氧量（COD）等水質參數，以及氣體產量與甲烷含量，藉此探討3D列印生物載體的性能以找出其最佳操作條件。實驗結果發現，填充3D生物載體之厭氧反應器可以在HRT 1.5小時下處理COD濃度為475 mg/L之人工廢水，並能成功滿足排放標準。且在HRT 1小時下處理COD濃度約為221.8 mg/L之生活污水，滿足排放標準。

Anaerobic digestion was normally used in treatment of high organic wastes and not considered as the sole treatment for domestic sewage. However, its advantages in saving aeration energy and production of combustible biogas – methane, a cleaner energy than traditional fossil fuel, makes it more attractive nowadays. Bio-carrier has been broadly used in wastewater treatment for its portability and effectiveness. Some factors such as specific area, porosity and water flow will affect its performance. In this study, 3-D printing had been applied in fabricating the bio-carriers to deal with these difficulties. Integrate immobilized technology to entrap high concentration of anaerobic bacteria in bio-carriers for higher efficiency. Experiments were conducted at different hydraulic retention times (HRT). The water characteristics including pH, total solids (TS), suspended solids (SS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) for both influent and effluent, and the gas production, methane content were monitored to investigate the optimal design and operational strategy for the 3-D printing bio-carriers. Experimental results showed the anaerobic reactor packed with the 3-D bio-carriers could treat the low concentration artificial wastewater at COD concentration of 475 mg/L at HRT of 1.5 hours and able to meet the EPA effluent standard successfully. And treat domestic sewage at COD concentration of about 221.8 mg/L at HRT of 1 hour and able to meet the EPA effluent standard.