老人照護社區餐食服務的範例——以忠勤里里長方荷生為例

Abstract

根據行政院經建會2012年所發表的「中華民國2012年至2060年人口統計」推算，台灣最快將在2025年步入超高齡社會。長者不但要面對經濟來源短缺的困境，接踵而來的食物、居住與醫療等等生理需求，也是每日一張眼就得面對的問題。此外，人際疏離、長期孤獨等心理狀況也常被忽略。許多社區組織的參與動機與能力不足，是以大多呈現「被動配合」的參與態度，也因此較難看到社區組織參與的積極面。 本文選擇忠勤里為研究對象，因為忠勤里65歲以上人口已經超過社區人口的五分之一以上，南機場已經是個超高齡社區，而這也很有可能將是台灣未來的縮影。里長方荷生面對這樣的現狀，竭盡全力為里民尤其是老人爭取福利，並積極推動社區各項福利措施與服務里民。照顧老人首先從餐食開始，2001年起與和平醫院合作，為獨居長者提供午、晚餐供、送餐，為臺北市首創里鄰體系開辦社區福利服務。除此之外，方荷生還設立中央廚房為老人們供餐，創辦食物銀行為里民提供物資，減少了食物浪費，除此之外還設立食享冰箱，將即期麵包分享給忠勤里及周邊里民。 通過拍攝紀錄片和訪談的形式，記者走訪了忠勤里的每個角落，試圖通過鏡頭語言，呈現“超高齡社會”的原貌，探討解決老人餐食照顧問題之根本。發現方荷生里長在忠勤里的老人照顧模式，是具組織運作經驗且是主動參與的社區組織的經驗，其社會福利社區化的程度已經很高，並且方荷生的這些做法具有很強的主觀能動性、很高的執行力、強大的網絡效率等特性，而這些都是值得學習的範例。

According to 'Demographics of 2012 to 2060, Republic of China ' published by Council for Economic Planning And Development, Executive Yuan in 2012, Taiwan will become a 'super aged' society by 2025 the earliest. The lack of sources of income will not be the only concern for the seniors as well concerns for food, accommodation and physical needs, all of which the seniors need to address on a daily basis, not to mention other less-noticed psychological concerns such as alienation and long-time loneliness. Whereas most communities don't have adequate motivations or competences to tackle these concerns hence the passive and inactive participation among these communities. This dessertaion takes Zhongcin neighborhood as the subject of study as seniors over the age of 65 takes up to more than 20% of the population do this community. Zhongcin neighborhood has become a 'super-aged' society de facto and possibly is a model of future Taiwan. In this circumstance, Fang He-sheng endeavors to leverage social welfare for its people especially the seniors. Starting from putting food on the table of the seniors, Fang He-sheng has been working with Taipei City Hospital from 2001 to provide lunch, dinner and food delivery to alone seniors, forming the very first community welfare services within a neighborhood in Taipei. In addition, Fang He-sheng started central kitchen to provide food to the seniors, food bank to provide groceries and also to reduce the waste of food, as well as 'ready to share fridge' to provide about-to-expire bread to Zhongcin neighborhood and residents nearby. Through the lens of documentary and interview, the journalist took a deep dive into every corner of Zhongcin neighborhood in an effort to represent the panorama of 'super aged' society and to tap on the solution to alone seniors' food and accommodation concerns. It is discovered the way Fang He-sheng takes care of the seniors in Zhongcin neighborhood is a model that has broader managerial experiences and is an active way of mobilization. Thus the welfare level of this community is rather high. And Fang's methods are powerful in terms of Subjective initiative , highly execution efficiency, which undoubtably can be a great case study.