凹槽式低耗能海水淡化廠設計與分析

Abstract

在21世紀因為人口的快速成長、氣候的變遷等等因素，讓水資源變得非常的缺乏，為了解決世界水資源缺乏的問題，於是發展出了非常多不同的海水淡化技術，雖然海水淡化的技術可以讓人們有取之不盡，用之不竭的水資源，不過在做海水淡化的同時，會產生出Brine排放的問題，噪音汙染、空氣汙染還有巨大的能量消耗等等嚴重的問題。 為了改善在做海水淡化時，巨大的能量消耗，本論文將有設計一和設計二的海水淡化廠，設計一海水淡化廠是利用海深600公尺所產生出來的靜水壓去推動RO過濾膜，而產生出純水，在產量為12540(m3/day)，每一噸純水所需要的能量消耗為2.11(KWh/m3)，在產量為20000(m3/day)時，每一噸純水所需要的能量消耗為2.018 (KWh/m3)，與傳統的海水淡化廠3-10(KWh/m3)，明顯少了許多。 在設計二的海水淡化廠中，利用了靜水壓和帕斯卡的原理來做海水淡化，在十六級凹槽的海水淡化廠，每一噸純水所需要的能量消耗為3.17(KWh/m3)，雖然所需要的能量消耗與傳統海水淡化廠的最低能量消耗差不多，不過在現在真實有在運作的海水淡化廠每一噸純水所需要的能量消耗在3(KWh/m3)左右的，還是佔了整體的少數，而且凹槽式海水淡化廠不需要像設計一有600公尺深的豎井，可這樣以使整體的施工成本更低且更讓整個海水淡化廠更好維修。

In the 21st century, due to the rapid population growth and climate change, water resources have become extremely scarce. In order to solve the problem of the lack of water resources in the world, we have developed many different seawater desalination technologies. The desalination technology allows people to have inexhaustible water resources, but at the same time you desalinate seawater, it will cause Brine emission problems, noise pollution, air pollution, and huge energy consumption. In order to reduce the huge energy consumption during seawater desalination, this paper includes two designs of desalination plant to solve this problem. The first desalination plant applies static hydrostatic pressure which generated by 600 meters deep to push the RO membrane to produce pure water. When the water production rate is 12540 (KWh / m3), the energy consumption per ton of pure water is 2.018 (KWh/m3), and then we increase the production rate to 20,000 (m3/day) , the energy consumption per ton of pure water is 2.11 (KWh/m3).This result is obviously lower than the traditional desalination plant 3-10 (KWh/m3). In the second deisign, we apply hydrostatic pressure and pascal's principle for seawater desalination. In the desalination plant with sixteen grooves, the energy consumption per ton of pure water is 3.17 (KWh/m3). Although the required energy consumption is almost the same as the lowest energy consumption of the conventional desalination plant,for many desalination plants, 3 (KWh/m3)per ton of pure water is still a minority. In addition, the grooved desalination plant does not need to design a shaft with a depth of 600 meters, which can make the overall construction cost lower and make the entire desalination plant more maintainable.