智慧型水質監測系統的研發

Abstract

溶氧是養蝦產業中的影響健康的重要因素之一，由於水流和溫度分層的原因，池塘不同位置中的溶氧分佈有大幅差距，利用智慧監測技術可以掌握各位置的即時溶氧數據，有助於提高管理品質與生產密度，智慧監測的瓶頸在於如何以較少的成本達到全池監測的效果。本研究經過現場試驗發現水池中央至水池邊的單一路線溶氧監測已具有代表性，因此本研究研發能夠牽引水質監測設備的岸上牽繩機，藉由馬達與繩索牽引水質監測設備，量測養殖池對角線上不同位置的溶氧，牽繩機使用微動開關設定監測設備的位置，以校正因水流、風勢所產生的位置誤差，透過Arduino程式控制馬達啟動的時間，使水質監測設備的移動與上傳數據的時間同步，本研究並設計智慧溶氧探頭沖洗器，可以由雲端控制小型泵浦馬達沖洗探頭表面，並可根據水質數據，判斷沖洗時機和效果。本研究在彰化水產試驗所淡水繁養殖研究中心測試牽繩機，證明可牽引水質監測設備，以15分鐘為循環，量測對角線上近端、中央與遠端三個位置的水質並上傳雲端，結果顯示牽繩機符合預期目標，其定位誤差平均小於0.17公分，牽繩機能透過手機或是網頁面板控制，面板上能夠顯示水質監測設備目前位置，幫助使用者判斷水質變化的原因並作出更準確的應對，智慧沖洗器能透過量測到的數據控制啟動時機，使感測器回歸至乾淨狀態，也能判斷水質狀態，在異常時給予使用者警示。測量結果顯示，實驗組與對照組測量的水質數據趨勢一致，其中實驗組所測量的三個點之間的水質數據差距並不顯著，推測原因可能為水池過小，未來預期應用於大型養殖池可以看到更顯著的變化，期望取代多台水質監測設備降低成本，為水質監管與養殖品質提供更有效的數據。

Dissolved oxygen is one of the most important factors affecting shrimp health. Due to flow distribution and temperature stratification, there is a large variation of dissolved oxygen in different locations of the pond. The use of the smart monitoring technology can help acquire real-time dissolved oxygen data of the entire pond, which helps to improve management quality and production density. The key issue of smart monitoring is, however on how to monitor the entire pond at a reasonable cost. It was found in this study that dissolved oxygen monitoring through a straight route from the center of the pond to the side of the pond was enough to provide representative information about oxygen variation in the pond. Therefore, this research aimed to develop an onshore leashing machine that can tow the water quality monitoring equipment to and from the pond side. The water quality monitoring equipment is pulled by a motor and a rope to measure the dissolved oxygen at different positions diagonally in the pond. The leashing machine uses a micro switch to reset the position of the monitoring equipment in order to correct the drifting caused by the water flow and wind force. An Arduino program is developed to control the start time of the motor to synchronize the movement of the water quality monitoring device with the time of data uploading. Further, a smart dissolved oxygen probe cleaner is developed, which can be controlled from the cloud to flush the surface of the oxygen probe with a small pump at the right time. Expert rules are developed to judge the timing and effect of flushing based on water quality data. The leashing machine was tested at the Freshwater Aquaculture Research Center of Changhua Fisheries Research Institute to verify that the water quality monitoring equipment can be towed, in a 15-minute cycle, and measure the water quality at the near, center and far ends of the pond while uploading the data to the cloud. The results show that the leashing machine achieves the design goal, with positioning errors less than 0.17 cm on average. The leashing machine can be controlled through a mobile phone or a web panel, which can display the current location of the water quality monitoring equipment, helping users determine the cause of water quality changes and make accurate responses. The smart dissolved oxygen probe flusher can control the timing of activation through the measured data, returning the sensor return to the original clean state, and can also judge the water quality state and warn the user when it is abnormal. The results also show that the water quality data measured for the experimental group and the control group have the same trend. The measure of the water quality data among the three locations differ little, possibly because the pond is small. In the future, it is expected to be applied to large-scale aquaculture ponds to see more significant changes. It is expected to replace multiple water quality monitoring equipments to reduce costs while providing more effective data for water quality supervision and culture quality.