木瓜產業產銷履歷清園管理的效益分析

Abstract

臺灣木瓜產銷履歷於2007年由行政院農業委員會推行實施，從生產到消費端作有系統的可追溯性管理，並取得第三者驗證。在木瓜履歷生產管理上建立標準作業流程，從土壤、供水檢驗、機肥、追肥、整地、設施搭建、土壤披覆、育苗、定植、田間病蟲草害防治、倒株、除枯老葉、除側芽、疏花疏果、採收前農藥檢驗、採收、分級、包裝。在整個生產過程中最具有意義之生產管理。但農民往往無意間忽略清園的重要性，而清園顧名思義就是農場田間衛生管理，也就是除側芽、除枯老葉、疏花疏果的殘體廢棄物要清除於網室外，以致網室內不受病蟲害危害，因為這些殘體廢棄物上有可能成為有害木瓜的病蟲寄主，亦可能使得木瓜設施內病蟲害族群失控，導致木瓜連作障礙因素之一，所以把木瓜殘體廢棄物清除至設施之外是必要性的。若不注重田間衛生清園管理，而產生有害木瓜的病蟲族群增加危害木瓜植株與果實，農民只能運用農藥干預噴灑，以致於生產成本增加、也威脅農民自身的健康安全、及環境污染與消費者健康。如果在有害木瓜病蟲害的繁殖週期間沒有落實做好防治，以致病蟲害族群增加危害木瓜，也會造成產量減少、良率降低、農民收益減少。 有鑑於此本研究針對清園、不清園加強防治及不清園等三區各域進行實驗，採用綜合變方分析，由分析三種不同管理方式搜集之木瓜產量、品質及儲架壽命統計資料以綜合變方進行分析。結果顯示；木瓜設施栽培管理中清園管理的效益高於不清園加強防治及不清園管理。由於不清園加強防治對生產農民健康有較高風險，而且有可能因防治週期，使用藥物的安全採收期影響木瓜果品的過熟或不安全。這也可以清楚的呈現本研究調查，木瓜設施栽培管理清園的重要性。 依據產銷履歷標準生產作業流程得知清園的步驟為園區的木瓜殘枝葉及病果清除於園區外，讓有危害木瓜之害蟲及病原菌族群降低，增加產量及收益。本研究分析結果可得知『清園』的重要性，對於果重、平均價格及廚架壽命皆優於不清園噴藥及不清園。

TGAP papaya was implemented by Agricultural Committee in 2007, with systematic traceability management from production to consumption, and third-party verification. Establish standard operating procedures for the production and management of papaya resumes, including soil, water supply inspection, mechanical fertilizer, top dressing, soil preparation, facility construction, soil drape, nursery, planting, field pest control, plant failure, old leaves, Lateral buds, thinning and fruit thinning, pesticide inspection before harvest, harvesting, grading, and packaging. The most significant production management in the entire production is garden clearing. However, farmers often underestimate the importance of the garden clearing. The garden clearing is a kind of farm field health management, including the radiation of side buds, dead leaves, sparse fruit thinning debris. All of these pathology needs to be cleared out of the garden so that the healthy plants won’t be affected by pests and diseases. If farmers only use pesticides, it would lead to the increase of costs, threatening the health of farmers, polluting the environment and influencing the health of consumers. If prevention and control are not carried out during the breeding period of pests, the increase of the pests and diseases will lead to the decrease in yield and farmers’ income. This study will analyze the effect of garden clearing, non-garden clearing with pesticide used, non-garden clearing and non-pesticide used. This study uses Combined analysis of variance to analyze the difference of weight, average price and shelf life between these three treatments. The result shows that the weight, average price and shelf life of garden clearing papaya is higher than that of non-garden clearing papaya, the results indicate that the benefit of garden clearing is greater than that of non-garden clearing. Using pesticides contains higher risk for the health of farmers and the safe harvesting period may be different from the harvest period that leads to the over-ripening or unsafety of papaya. So this study can clearly shows the importance of garden clearing for papaya. According to SOP of TAP garden clearing, we know that the pathology will be removed from the garden, that leads to the decrease of pests, and increase the yield and profits. The result of this study indicates the importance of garden clearing. It provides better weight, average price, shelf life that is superior than non-garden clearing papaya.