導入建築資訊模型探討機電配管損耗之研究

Abstract

營造材料在施工組裝及加工過程中難免需依現場需求進行裁切，其裁切過程必產生材料的損耗，傳統採用2D繪圖方式在配管圖說中，所能提供管材資料有限，以致配管損耗量較難藉由2D圖說加以計算及量化，僅能依經驗值採用比例法概估配管損耗。隨著科技發展及繪圖技術提升，運用BIM 3D技術已可解決部分因2D繪圖資訊不足的問題。 經由文獻回顧，現階段運用BIM所匯出材料表單，一般僅取其項目及數量並轉為Excel試算表，做為預算書中的項目及數量參考。而較少運用BIM所建置的元件資訊，經由篩選設定匯出材料表單資料，再運用所匯出資料進行分析運算。 本研究以消防泡沫撒水系統為例，運用BIM所匯出材料表單，表單設定為以分段方式表列，本文稱為”分段數量表”。本研究將運用分段數量表，以模擬裁切方式進行配管損耗計算分析，並將配管損耗量化。如此可讓業主及承包商更清楚預算內容，並減少工程爭議之產生，以提高專案管理效率。 現階段所規範之配管損耗率主要以人工計算量為基準所統計出之損耗率，其損耗率為一個區間值5%~12%(台灣)及1.5%~2%(中國)。本研究案例，BIM所匯出之材料表單，因表單中有部份配管屬於不合理管段，故模擬裁切計算之配管損耗為3.49%。參考專家訪談意見，以手動方式修改材料表單資料後，並再次進行模擬裁切，所計算出之配管損耗減低至1.9%。研究成果如預期，配管損耗率由3.49%減低至1.9%。 本研究目的並非要探討台灣或中國所規範之配管損耗率的正確與否，而是希望透過BIM技術研究一套可經由計算方式所得統計出損耗率的方法，為將來進入BIM 5D時代做準備，展望本研究方法未來可套用於由BIM 5D所匯出之預算書中。

n the progress of fabrication and construction, most construction material should be trimmed or processed according to the site condition. The wastage occurs unavoidably due to the above. Constrained by the limited information, it is hard to tell from the traditional 2D construction drawings for the wastage calculation, especially for the wastage for the M&E piping works. Therefore, the M&E piping wastage is usually estimated in accordance with quantity surveyors’ experience. Thanks to the growth of technology, BIM 3D is available to offer more information than 2D model. According to many references, it is common to know that the items and quantities could be outputted from the Building Information Models as a reference of BOQ. However, it is rare to use the information provided by the components via selection to generate material information list for analysis and computation. Focused on the sprinkler system, the study uses the “quantity list in sections”, a list from the BIM material information list set up in sections, to simulate pipe cutting for piping wastage calculation. The goal of the study is to offer a clearer picture of the budget for both the client and the contractor. Therefore, the construction dispute could be minimized and the project management efficiency shall be improved. The piping wastage rate used now is based on statistics. In Taiwan, the rate is between 5%-12%. In China, it’s about 1.5%-2%. Through pipe-cutting simulation, the piping wastage in the study is 3.49% including incorrect data. After further discussion, we tried to rectify those incorrect data in the material information list manually, and then we simulated pipe cutting again. As we expected, the wastage rate reduces from 3.49% to 1.9%. The purpose of the study is not to discuss which piping wastage rate used in Taiwan and China is correct. We try to find a solution to get the piping wastage rate by computing the data provided by Building Information Models. Furthermore, we look forward to applying our study in the BOQ listed in BIM 5D.