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DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 王尚禮(Shan-Li Wang) | |
dc.contributor.author | Pei-Tzu Kao | en |
dc.contributor.author | 高培慈 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T03:10:43Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2022-07-19 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2018-07-19 | |
dc.date.issued | 2018 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2018-07-18 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 徐克江、李娜 ( 2017 )。應用秸稈生物質水稻育苗盤育苗效果。現代農業,38-39。
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Taiwan: Northern Region Water Resources Office Water Resources Agency Ministry of Economic Affairs Smith, C. W., and R. H. Dilday.(2003). Rice: origin, history, technology, and production. United States of America: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Tanaka, A. (1967). Nutrio-Physiology of South-East Asian Rice. In T. A. O. J. A. S. Societies (Ed.). Rice in Asia (pp. 202-209). Japan: University of Tokyo Press. Van Keulen, H. (1977). Nitrogen requirements of rice with special reference to Java. CRIA, 30. Vandamme, E., M. Wissuwa, T. Rose, K. Ahouanton, and K. Saito. (2016). Strategic phosphorus (P) application to the nursery bed increases seedling growth and yield of transplanted rice at low P supply. Field Crops Research, 186, 10-17. Vetterlein, D., and R. F. Huttl. (1999). Can applied organic matter fulfil similar functions as soil organic matter? Risk-benefit analysis for organic matter application as a potential strategy for rehabilitation of disturbed ecosystems. Plant and Soil, 213, 1-10. 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Effects of nursery temperature on the growth of rice nurseling seedlings raised in darkness. Japanese Journal of Crop Science, 65, 487-494. Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamental of Rice Crop Science. Manil, The Philipines: International Rice Research Institute Zhao, L., H. T. Chen, X. H. Cai, C. L. Xu, Q. Li, J. F. Wang, and D. He. (2017). Research on matrix formula of substrate for seedling in rice closed stereo seedling system. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 33, 204-210. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/69214 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 水稻秧苗的培育與移植作業能提高水稻產量與品質,然而,為了培育水稻秧 苗,每一年約需使用 35 萬立方公尺的育苗介質,而現行的水稻育秧用土多開採自山區,近年來,由於山區水土保持意識的提升,伴隨著各縣市政府的限制採土政策,自山區取得育秧用土越趨受到限制,過去育苗場也曾出現無土可用的狀況。另一方面,台灣水庫平均每年約清出 400 萬立方公尺的淤泥,在淤泥產生量上足以供應在水稻育秧產業上所需的育苗土總量,若能以水庫淤泥做為育秧替代介質,除了能解決育秧缺土的問題,也可以提供堆置淤泥另一個去化管道。本論文研究之目的(一)探討使用水庫淤泥做為水稻育秧介質的可行性(二)探討以水庫淤泥種植水稻秧苗下,影響秧苗生長的關鍵因子(三)探討關鍵因子之相關影響機制。本研究首先對淤泥基本物化性質與一般育苗土進行物化性質的分析與比較,找出做為替代育秧介質的限制因子,次以盆栽試驗探討影響水稻秧苗的限制因子及相關機制,参以苗盤試驗與田間試驗檢視以水庫淤泥做為育秧介質在應用上的可行性。由研究結果已知,淤泥的被破壞性的結構與其質地分佈會影響到介質的保水性與水分滲透能力,造成灑水後的苗盤龜裂現象,進而影響到育苗作業,因此水庫淤泥並不適合直接應用於育秧替代介質,然而在添加有機質後,能顯著改善淤泥的物理性質並減少苗盤龜裂的現象。由盆栽試驗可知,在水分供給無虞的狀況下,營養供給是影響水稻秧苗生長的關鍵因子,另外,淤泥的介質、稻殼添加種類與添加比例均會顯著影響到養分供給,進而影響秧苗生長。各處理組中,以細質地淤泥添加 5~10%的稻殼有較佳的秧苗生長勢,其中的關鍵因子有二:1.細質地淤泥因黏粒含量高因此有較高的保肥力 2.在有機質種類的選擇上與添加比例的調配上,氮有效性是影響秧苗生長的關鍵,添加 20%稻殼或稻殼炭會因 C/N 比過高造成微生物搶氮現象,而在有機質種類的選擇上,若使用炭化資材做為改良資材(本研究使用稻殼炭),所施用的尿素可能會因被炭化資材吸附,進而使氮肥礦化速率下降,降低有效氮含量並造成秧苗生長品質下降,若使用硫酸銨做為氮肥來源則可以改善這個狀況,因此在添加有機改良資材上,有機資材的選擇以及其適用性也是另一需要考量的重要因子。由苗盤試驗證實添加稻殼後的淤泥,無論粗細質地,均有良好的苗盤品質,其中又以細質地淤泥添加 10 %稻殼最佳,而以田間插秧實驗證實,以淤泥做為育秧介質下,秧苗於插秧後的生長表現可與育苗土相當。由本研究結果證實,添加有機質後的水庫淤泥是一可行的水稻育秧替代介質,其中,以添加 10 %稻殼的細質地淤泥能生產出最佳的秧苗品質,此替代介質能解決水稻育苗產業的缺土問題,同時也能為水庫提供另一項清淤管道。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | In Taiwan, about 350,000 m3 of nursery substrates are needed to grow rice seedlings. At present, most of the nursery substrates in Taiwan are soil collected from mountain areas. With the growing concern of soil conservation, it is increasingly difficult to obtain
soil from mountain areas. Therefore, alternative substrates are in urgent need. On the other hand, in Taiwan, about 4,000,000 m3 sediments are deposited in reservoirs every year. The amount of deposited sediments fits the need of rice nursery substrate in quantity. If the quality of reservoir sediments were suitable for nursing rice seedlings, utilizing reservoir sediments as the alternative substrates could benefit the nursery industry as well as the cleaning of the dredged sediments. The aims of this research are (i) to evaluate the feasibility of utilizing reservoir sediment as an alternative substrate of rice seedlings (ii) to investigate the key factors in growing rice seedlings based on reservoir sediments (iii) to study the related mechanisms of the key factors. In this study, the physical and chemical properties of the sediments were first analyzed. Then, several pot experiments were carried out to study the key factors in the growth of rice seedlings. Finally, the quality of rice mat nursery based on reservoir sediments were evaluated by a tray experiment and a transplanting experiment. The results showed that the poor physical properties of the sediments would adversely influence the water permeability and water retention of nursery substrates and would lead to cracks on the surface of sediment-based mat nursery after water sprinkling. Therefore, reservoir sediments were not suitable for being readily used as nursery substrates. However, after the amendment of organic matters, the surface cracks of sediment-based mat nursery were reduced. According to the pot experiments, under the submerged condition, the key factor in the growth of rice seedlings was substrate nutrients. The texture of sediment, the type of organic matters and the addition amount of organic matters would mutually influence the nutrient availability in substrates hence the growth of rice seedlings. The fine sediment was better than the coarse sediment as a rice nursery substrate since it had high content of clay hence higher nutrient retention ability. In OM types and OM addition amounts, the N availability in substrates after adding OM is the key factor that should be carefully considered. Adding 20 % of rice husk (RH) or rice husk biochar (RHB) would raise the C/N of a substrate up to the level that microbial immobilization of nitrogen easily occurred at. On the other hand, adding pyrolyzed organic matters, RHB in this study, might reduce the nitrogen availability due to the adsorption effect of biochar on urea. Using (NH4)2SO4 as the N source might reduce the loss of available nitrogen in RHB-amended substrates. Overall, according to the pot experiments, the rice seedlings grew best in the fine sediment amended with 10% RH. Based on the tray experiment and the transplanting experiment, the 10% RH-amended sediments could produce mat nursery with the quality as high as that of the nursery soil. In summary, it is feasible to utilize reservoir sediments as the alternative rice nursery substrates. Among the sediment-based substrate mixtures, the fine sediment amended with 10% RH is recommended. Utilizing reservoir sediment as the alternative mat nursery substrate of rice can ease the shortage of nursery soil as well as benefiting the cleaning of deposited reservoir sediments. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T03:10:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-107-R05623004-1.pdf: 4696673 bytes, checksum: 485093429c914d7df86eea41ce2840f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝 I
摘要 II Abstract IV List of Tables X List of Figures XI List of Supplements XIII Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Research objectives 2 1.3 Organization of this thesis 3 Chapter 2. Literature Review 4 2.1 Development of rice seedling transplanting 4 2.2 Issue of the shortage of rice nursery soil 4 2.3 Substitute substrates of rice mat nursery in history 5 2.4 The deposited reservoir sediments in Taiwan 6 2.5 Factors in the growth of rice seedlings 6 2.5.1 Substrate nutrient and pH 6 2.5.2 Substrate salinity 7 2.6 Impacts of organic matters and biochar on soil 8 2.7 Nitrogen pathways in soil system 9 2.8 Nitrogen uptake form in rice plants 11 2.9 Analysis methods of available nitrogen in soils 12 Chapter 3 The feasibility of utilizing reservoir sediment as an alternative substrate of rice mat nursery 13 3.1 Introduction 13 3.2Materials and methods 14 3.2.1 Material preparation 14 3.2.1.1 Reservoir sediment collection 14 3.2.1.2 Sterilization and pre-germination of rice seeds 14 3.2.2 Property analysis of substrates 14 3.2.2.1 Bulk density 14 3.2.2.2 Soil particle density 15 3.2.2.3 Soil available water capacity 15 3.2.2.4 Soil texture 15 3.2.2.5 Soil pH (1:1) 16 3.2.2.6 Soil EC (1:1) 16 3.2.2.7 Soil CEC 16 3.2.2.8 Soil organic matter 17 3.2.2.9 Total carbon and nitrogen 17 3.2.2.10 Soil total phosphorous 18 3.2.2.11 Soil total potassium 19 3.2.2.12 Soil available nitrogen (NH4+ + NO3- + NO2-) 19 3.2.2.13 Soil available phosphorus (Bray-1 P) 20 3.2.2.14 Soil available phosphorus (Olsen P) 20 3.2.2.15 Soil exchangeable K, Na, Ca and Mg 20 3.2.2.16 Heavy metals 20 3.2.2.17 Clay mineral composition 20 3.2.3 Experimental design 21 3.2.3.1 Pot experiment 21 3.2.3.2 Tray experiment 22 3.2.3.3 Transplanting experiment 22 3.2.4 Preparation of organic matters and biochar used as amendment materials 23 3.2.5 Seedling growth evaluation 24 3.2.5.1 Leaf water content 24 3.2.5.2 Leaf chlorophyll concentration 24 3.2.5.3 Seed survival rate in the pot and the tray pre-experiment 24 3.2.5.4 Seedling survival rate and tiller emergence in the transplanting experiment 25 3.2.6 N and P uptake by rice seedlings and N and P fertilizer recovery 25 3.2.7 Soil solution collection and analysis 26 3.2.7.1 Soil solution collection 26 3.2.7.2 Ammonium in soil solution 26 3.2.7.3 Phosphate in soil solution 27 3.2.7.4 Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in soil solution 28 3.2.7.5 pH, EC and Eh measurement of substrates in the pot experiment 28 3.2.8 Statistics analysis 28 3.3 Results and discussion 29 3.3.1 The physical and chemical properties of reservoir sediments 29 3.3.1.1 Heavy metal contents in the reservoir sediment 29 3.3.1.2 Chemical properties of reservoir sediments 31 3.3.1.3 Physical properties of reservoir sediments 33 3.3.1.4 Surface cracks of sediment-based mat nurseries after water sprinkling 35 3.3.2 OM amendment can reduce surface cracks on sediment-based mat nurseries 38 40 3.3.3 The key factors in the growth of rice seedlings in reservoir sediments 41 3.3.3.1 The influence of soil structure and texture on the growth of rice seedlings 41 3.3.3.2 The influence of fertilization versus sediment texture on the growth of rice seedlings 44 3.3.3.3 The influence of RH amendment with different addition ratios and physicochemical properties of RH on the growth of rice seedlings 48 3.3.3.4 Brief summary of the pot experiments 63 3.3.4 Rice seedling growth in the mat nursery and in field 64 3.4 Summary of Chapter 3 68 Chapter 4 The mechanism of the lowered nitrogen availability in RHB-amended sediments 70 4.1 Introduction 70 4.2 Materials and methods 71 4.2.1 Preparation of materials 71 4.2.2 Experimental design 71 4.2.2.1 The pot experiment 71 4.2.2.2 Experiment of NH3 gas volatilization 71 4.2.2.3 Experiment of OM fixation of nitrogen 71 4.2.3 Soil solution analysis 72 4.2.3.1 Soil solution collection 72 4.2.3.2 Ammonium in soil solution 72 4.2.3.3 Nitrite and nitrate in soil solution 73 4.2.3.4 pH, EC, and redox potential (Eh) of the substrates with rice seedlings 74 4.2.4 Soil nitrogen analysis 74 4.2.4.1 Exchangeable ammonium 74 4.2.4.2 Soil available nitrogen (NH4+ + NO3- + NO2-) 75 4.2.4.3 Total carbon and nitrogen (Element Analyzer) 75 4.2.5 Ammonia volatilization analysis 75 4.2.5.1 NH4+ volatilization and collection apparatus 75 4.2.5.2 Recovery rate of the apparatus 75 4.2.5.3 Analysis of volatilized ammonia gas from the apparatus 76 4.2.6 FTIR analysis of RH and RHB 76 4.2.6.1 Material preparation 76 4.2.6.2 FTIR analysis 77 4.2.7 Statistics analysis 78 4.3 Results and discussion 79 4.3.1 The major form of inorganic nitrogen in the substrates 79 4.3.2 The mechanism by which RHB lowered the available nitrogen in substrates 85 4.3.3 Volatilized NH3 gas from the RH/RHB-amended fine sediment 92 4.3.4 The experiment of OM fixation of nitrogen 94 4.4 Summary of Chapter 4 99 Chapter 5 Conclusion 100 Chapter 6 Economic assessment and research implications 102 References 106 Supplements 111 | |
dc.language.iso | en | |
dc.title | 利用水庫淤泥做為水稻育秧替代介質 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Utilizing reservoir sediment as an alternative nursery
substrate of rice seedlings | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 106-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鍾仁賜(Ren-Shih Chung),許正一(Zeng-Yei Hseu),莊愷瑋(Kai-Wei Juang),陳琦玲(Chi-Ling Chen) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 水庫淤泥,育秧介質,稻殼,稻殼炭,氮,吸附,揮失, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Reservoir sediment,nursery substrate,rice husk,rice husk biochar,N,sorption,volatilization, | en |
dc.relation.page | 120 | |
dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU201801658 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2018-07-18 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 生物資源暨農學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 農業化學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業化學系 |
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