政黨輪替對臺灣與蒙古族聚居地區關係影響之政經分析：以蒙藏委員會之公衛醫療交流為例

Abstract

蒙藏委員會的設立源於清朝時期，中央政府設立專司機構，以求有效治理蒙藏地區，原因有二：一是蒙藏民族有其特有語言文字、風俗民情、及地方制度；二是蒙藏胞主要聚居地位於國家邊陲地帶，屬國防重鎮，不可輕忽。 中華民國政府播遷來臺後，已無法管轄蒙藏地區，然而，為維護「秋海棠」的中華民國概念，仍保留蒙藏委員會，目的為此一組織的政治功能。 蒙藏委員會基於長遠之民族融洽及國家利益，為臺灣另闢一條發展道路，李政府及扁政府時期，以較不涉及政治議題的「公衛醫療」領域，與蒙古國、及俄羅斯聯邦境內的喀爾瑪克、布里亞特、與圖瓦等三個以蒙古族後裔為主的共和國進行交流，增加臺灣國際知名度。2008年，馬政府上台後，又以同等模式轉向大陸蒙古族聚居地區進行交流，以增進兩岸關係的發展。 由於蒙藏委員會偏政治功能之屬性，再加上處於行政體系之內，無可避免會受到上位政策之影響。因此，政黨輪替之後，因應執政政黨理念的改變，業務方向自然會有所調整。本研究之主要目的，便是透過描述蒙藏委員會在李政府至扁政府時期、以及扁政府至馬政府時期，此二次政黨輪替，上位決策所導致的行為上不連續性及轉折，試圖分析決策結構中各個層級彼此之間的互動，以及說明這些結構中的互動最終帶來哪些影響與變遷。

Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission originated from the Qing Dynasty. There were two reasons why the authority would set up the organization to manage the areas more effectively: First, Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic groups have their own language, customs, and unique local administrational systems. Second, Mongolian and Tibetan ethnic areas are located close to the border of China, which are important national defense areas. The central government of the Republic of China was not able to govern the Mongolian and Tibetan areas after moving to Taiwan from Mainland China, however, the authority still kept the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission because it wished to maintain the concept of Republic of China, so called the“Begonia”which is the shape of the state on the map, because the Commission symbolized it politically. For the sake of the fusion of ethnic groups and national benefit in the long run, Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission developed another way out for Taiwan, while Lee Teng-hui administration and Chen Shui-bian Administration period. That is to communicate with the Republic of Kalmykia、Buryat, Tuva, three Mongolian ethnic group based states, on public health and medical care field which made Taiwan more well known internationally. After 2008, Ma Ying-jeou administration took the same exchange model but, instead, with inner Mongolia district under People’s Republic China to enhance the cross strait relationship. As the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission is part of the administrative system and its function tends to political side, therefore, its behavior would be influenced by the authority’s policy inevitably. As a result, during the transition of the ruling parties, the focus of the professional works of the Commission will be naturally affected due to the different ideology of the ruling party. The main purposes of this study are: 1, to describe the discontinuity and turning of the behaviors, caused by party transition, of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission in the period from the Lee Teng-hui administration to the period of the Chen Shui-bian administration, and the period of the Chen Shui-bian administration to the Ma Ying-jeou administration. 2, to resolve the interactions among the various levels at the decision-making structure and 3, to interpret the impacts brought up by those interactions in the structure eventually.