提升家電型植物栽培設備效率之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在建立適合家電型植物栽培設備使用的降溫系統，並找到最佳栽培系統與相對應的養液溫度，再以此策略提升家電型植物栽培設備的栽培效率。先以致冷晶片建立適合家電型植物栽培設備使用的降溫系統，比較以不同控制策略的控溫結果與總耗能，並進行不同栽培系統在高氣溫下以不同養液溫度栽培波士頓萵苣與皺葉萵苣的試驗。最後再結合所建立的降溫系統與最佳栽培系統的家電型植物栽培設備進行栽培試驗，驗證改善策略之可行性。 研究結果顯示以 Fuzzy PID 控制策略作為致冷晶片降溫系統的控制方法，與傳統的開關控制策略相比較能夠降低約 44 % 的系統總耗能。不同栽培系統在高氣溫下降低不同養液溫度的栽培結果，發現使用潮汐式栽培系統並將養液溫度降低至 25°C 的條件下栽培波士頓萵苣，能夠得到最佳的栽培效率，而皺葉萵苣則無法以此策略來提升栽培效率。最後套用改善策略於家電型植物栽培設備並栽培波士頓萵苣，能夠得到 81.1 g 的地上部鮮重，與原始設備相比，能夠提升 174.6 % 的總產量與 33.7 % 的栽培效率。 以上述設備為基礎，本研究針對兩種栽培情境作探討，其一為三口之家的家庭，得知使用約 0.6 坪與 1.1 坪的土地面積，即能夠達到供給 50 % 與 100% 的每日蔬菜需求量 (每日 1200 g) 的目標，且平均一株菜的生產成本約為 21 元。其二為提供 10% 的台北市人口 50 % 的每日蔬菜需求量，這相當於可每日產出約 54 噸的蔬菜。由於產地即為消費地，完全沒有運輸成本，且具有低碳足跡與幾乎為零的食品里程數，因此驗證了使用本研究的栽培設備搭配適當的栽培條件能夠實現低碳環保家用型植物工廠的理念。

The goal of this study is to establish a cooling system suitable for home appliance style plant cultivation equipment and to find the optimal cultivation system and the corresponding root zone temperature to improve the efficiency of the cultivation equipment. First, we establish the cooling system for the nutrient solution using thermoelectric chips and then compared the cooling results and total energy consumption of different control methods. After that, we cultivate butter lettuce and frilly lettuce using different cultivation systems under different root zone temperatures at high air temperature to find the optimal cultivation system and root zone temperature. Finally, we cultivate butter lettuce using the home appliance style plant cultivation equipment combining cooling system and the optimal cultivation system to verify the feasibility of the improving strategy. The results show that the cooling system can save about 44% of the total energy consumption of the system by using Fuzzy PID as the system control method compared with traditional on-off control. Using the ebb and flood cultivation system and maintaining root zone temperature at 25°C has the highest efficiency. However, the strategy doesn’t improve the efficiency for the growth of frilly lettuce. Finally, we find that using improving strategy on the home appliance style plant cultivation equipment produces butter lettuce with shoot weight of 81.8 g. Also, it can increase 174.6% of the total yield and 33.7% of the efficiency compared to the original cultivation equipment. We simulate two kinds of cultivation situation based on the above equipment. First, When the family of three is the simulation object, the family just needs to provide 1.76 m2 and 3.52 m2 of land area to achieve the goal of producing 50% and 100% of daily demand for vegetables (i.e. 1200 g). Also, the average production cost is about $21. Second, When Taipei is the simulation object, it can produce about 54 tons of vegetables per day in the case of that only 10% of households in Taipei can achieve the goal of producing 50% of daily demand for vegetables. Moreover, there is no transportation cost because the city becomes both places of production and consumption. The carbon footprint is low and food miles could be almost zero. Therefore, it is verified that using the cultivation equipment in this study with the proper cultivation conditions can accomplish the concept of low-carbon and eco-friendly household plant factory.