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標題: | 郭店和上博楚簡的「君子」概念 The Concept of Junzi(君子) in the Chu(楚) Bamboo Texts of the Guodian and the Shanghai Museum |
作者: | Yan-Ting Lin 林彥廷 |
指導教授: | 佐藤將之(Masayuki Sato) |
關鍵字: | 郭店楚簡,上博楚簡,君子,理想統治,德行,修身, the Chu bamboo texts of the Goudian,the Chu Bamboo texts of the Shanghai museum,junzi,ideal political,virtue,rituals, |
出版年 : | 2017 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本論文以建構中國古代哲學整體理論為最終目的,透過了解中國哲學過去研究相關特色,進一步去避免其影響而開始探討先秦時代文獻本身所蘊含的整體思想與哲學理論。本文使用修正之概念史研究方法,透過有意識地去避免過去研究之影響,以「郭店楚簡」以及「上博楚簡」兩批出土文獻為材料,針對其中各篇章文獻中所出現的「君子」用例逐一探討。透過對於「君子」概念所呈現意義的全面探討,釐清構成先秦時代哲學思想的概念內涵本身,並在此基礎上實現建構中國古代哲學之目標。
對於「郭店楚簡」以及「上博楚簡」兩批出土文獻的探討,在回顧過去研究的特色與偏向之基礎上,以兩批文獻中「君子」使用的段落為脈絡,開始對於其中「君子」概念的內涵進行討論。逐一探討的過程中可以發現到,「君子」概念可以再區分成為「現實統治者、理想統治者與修身」等三種脈絡。透過這樣的區分,可以釐清過去研究中對於「君子」強調其「重視德行」此一主張是有所偏重的。在整體探討「君子」對於德行的重視之後,可以整理出戰國早中期時的「君子」應當是立基於實現理想統治的目標。在此目標之下,德行被視為是統治者必須要實現修身的內涵,而實際統治的內容則與引導人民生活的禮樂規範有關。進一步地將這些內涵之間關係進行梳理,建構中其中實現理想統治的統治理論。 透過成書於戰國早中期的「郭店及上博楚簡」中「君子」的探討,可以發現到在《孟子》、《荀子》成書之前較為原始的「君子」概念樣貌。呈現出對於「理想統治」之關注,以及具體實踐的相關方法。這可以進一步作為未來「君子」研究的一個基準,避免過去因為研究方法架構以及後世概念使用造成先秦經典文獻相關研究的偏重影響,實現「中國古代哲學」建構的目標。 This thesis focuses on the connotation of the concept of junzi(君子). The term junzi , which has been translated into such words as “gentleman”, ”noble man”, “superior man” etc. , is an important and common term in the ancient Chinese classics, including the Chu(楚) bamboo texts discovered in the twentieth century. Previous studies have emphasized the moral meaning of junzi more than the political. In contrast, this thesis shows that the concept of junzi in the Chu bamboo texts of the Goudian and the Shanghai museum contains both political and moral meanings. The concept of junzi in the Chu bamboo texts of the Goudian and the Shanghai museum contains many ideas. Based on the context of all the paragraphs including junzi, these ideas are different kind of virtue(德) and rituals(禮). The concept of Junzi contains these ideas to make the self into a good person and, at the same time, to create a good environment for other people. Virtue, such as benevolence(仁), justice(義), and loyalty(忠), can make a person have a good personality. Rituals, such as living custom, life standard, and ceremony, can create an ideal order for people. The point is, more importantly, to realize the ideas of virtue and rituals. Junzi, to have virtuous self, is to live consistently in one’s mind, speech and action, which can be observed and judged by others. After having virtue, Junzi will cause others to learn and enact rituals, since the person who has good personality can persuade others to believe and accept that rituals can create a good environment for others to have a good life. The human who can make the ideal order—in the Chu bamboo texts of the Goudian and the Shanghai museum—is a ruler who retains the status of the ruling class by the realization of virtue and rituals. Junzi, as rulers, realize virtue and rituals for others and the self, evincing that morality is a political requirement. The concept of junzi in the Chu bamboo texts of the Goudian and the Shanghai museum, therefore, in contrast to previous studies, emphasizes the political ideal. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/69050 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201703175 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 哲學系 |
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