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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 靳宗洛(Tsung-Luo Jinn) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chien-Hsun Huang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 黃建勛 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-17T09:20:30Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2012-05-14 | |
| dc.date.available | 2021-05-17T09:20:30Z | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2012-05-14 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2012-03-26 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Abdel-Ghany, S.E., Burkhead, J.L., Gogolin, K.A., Andres-Colas, N., Bodecker, J.R., Puig, S., Penarrubia, L., and Pilon, M. (2005). AtCCS is a functional homolog of the yeast copper chaperone Ccs1/Lys7. FEBS Lett. 579: 2307-2312.
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/6892 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 超氧歧化酶(Superoxide Dismutase；SOD)，可將超氧分子轉變為過氧化氫及氧分子，具有解除氧化逆境的功能。對於銅鋅超氧歧化酶(CuZnSOD；CSD)的活化機制，目前已知有兩條路徑，一者是藉由銅鑲嵌輔助蛋白(Copper Chaperone of SOD1；CCS)的幫助，達到銅離子鑲嵌與形成內生性雙硫鍵的活化型態；另一者則是在人類及老鼠中發現，在沒有CCS情況下，CuZnSOD仍然具有少量的活性，只是其活化途徑與機制仍未明朗。本論文，將阿拉伯芥三個不同的CuZnSOD基因表現於酵母菌及阿拉伯芥原生質體中，我們證實阿拉伯芥不同CuZnSOD的活化具有不同的偏好：CSD1位在細胞質中，可藉由兩條活化機制達成活化，在無CCS的情況下，仍保有~36%的活性，類似人類的CuZnSOD；CSD2位在葉綠體中，只能經由CCS來達成活化，與酵母菌的CuZnSOD類似；CSD3位在過氧化體中，只經由非CCS的路徑來達成活化，類似線蟲的CuZnSOD。我們證實在AtCCS-knockout突變株中，此殘存的CuZnSOD活性量就足以提供正常生理功能之所需。最後，我們也證實了還原態的榖胱甘肽(Glutathione；GSH)參與在非CCS的活化CuZnSOD的路徑上，並且需有一未知功能的因子共同合作才能完成。我們綜合前人之研究及本實驗之證據，提出兩種不需經由CCS而達成活化的可能作用機制，以及提出CuZnSOD蛋白質之C端具有與未知因子交互作用，而達成促進活化的功用。綜上而言，我們的研究提出植物體之複雜精密的抗氧化途徑，是在其他物種中從所未見的，而其詳細的機制，則仍有待後續的研究加以釐清。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are enzymes that protect cells from oxidative damage. The major pathway for CuZnSOD activation involves the function of a Copper Chaperone for SOD (CCS), whereas an additional, minor CCS-independent pathway that has been observed in mammals. Through overexpression of three Arabidopsis CuZnSOD genes (CSDs) in yeast and Arabidopsis protoplasts, we demonstrate the existence of a CCS-independent activation pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Interestingly, the three Arabidopsis CSDs show strongly different preference for the two activation pathways: the main activation pathway for CSD1 in the cytoplasm involved a CCS-dependent and -independent pathway, which was similar to that for human CSD. Activation of CSD2 in chloroplasts depended totally on CCS similar to yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CSD. Peroxisome-localized CSD3 via a CCS-independent pathway was similar to nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans) CSD in retaining activity in the absence of CCS. The residual SOD activity detected in AtCCS knockout plants is sufficient for seed germination and root growth, confirming that this alternative pathway is physiologically functional. Through a series of glutathione manipulation experiments, we further confirmed that glutathione plays a role in CCS-independnet pathway but must cooperate with an unknown factor for SOD activation. According to previous publications and our finding, two models of the CCS-independent mechanism are proposed. We also suggest that the CSD protein conformation at C-terminal is important in providing a docking site for unknown factor to interact with. Our findings reveal a complex system underlying CSD activation which ensures a highly specific and sophisticated regulation of antioxidant pathways in plants and has not been reported in other organisms. However, the clear and definite mechanism needs further investigation. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-17T09:20:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-F93b42012-1.pdf: 2109825 bytes, checksum: ee90508d75887a8cac9f4fbb3edd3ea3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Abstract in Chinese ……………………………………………………………………………I
Abstract in English ……………………………………………………………………………II Abbreviation ………………………………………………………………………………………IV Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………1 Superoxide Dismutases: Classification and Localization ………………………………………1 Evolution of Different Types of SODs ………………………………………………………2 Regulation of SODs Expressions by Their Promoter Sequences …………………………....4 Copper-Zinc SOD …………………………………………………………………………....5 Arabidopsis CuZnSODs are regulated by Copper-regulated miR398 …………………...….6 SOD Activation Requires a Metallocheprone ………………………………………………....7 Previous Studies on the Function of CCS ………………………………………………....7 Discovery of Arabidopsis CCS ………………………………………………………...….8 CCS-Independent Activation of CuZnSOD ……………………………………………...….8 Aims of the Dissertation …………………………………………………………………...…10 Material and methods ...................................................................................................................11 Plants, Yeast Strains, Media and Growth Conditions ……………………………………...11 Protein Extraction, In-gel SOD Activity Assay and Immunoblotting ……………………...11 RNA Extraction, RT-PCR and Gene Cloning ………………………………………………...12 Constructs ……………………………………………………………………………………...12 Treatments for Seed Germination Rate ……………………………………………………...13 Monitoring Superoxide Anion Level by Nitroblue Tetrazolium ……………………………14 Treatments for Root Length Evaluation ………………………………………………………14 Lysine-Independent Aerobic Growth ………………………………………………………15 Protoplast Preparation and Transfection ………………………………………………………15 Glutathione Treatment and Quantification ………………………………………………....16 Apo-CSD1 Protein Preparation and In Vitro Treatments ………………………………………17 Antibodies ………………………………………………………………………………………18 Statistical Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………18 Accession Number ……………………………………………………………………………18 Results ............................................................................................................................................19 CSD Retains Partial Activity in the Absence of AtCCS in Arabidopsis ………………………19 Activity Signals of CSD1 and CSD2 Are Partially Overlapped ……………………………19 CSD1 and CSD3 Show CCS-Independent Activities in Yeast …………………………………20 CSD2 Activation in Chloroplasts Requires CCS But Not in the Cytoplasm …………............22 CCS-Independent CSD1 Activation Occurs in the Cytoplasm but Not in Chloroplasts ………22 Activities of Both Peroxisomal and Cytoplasm-directed CSD3 Can Not Be Detected ………23 Effect of Glutathione upon CCS-Independent CSD1 Activity in Yeast ………………………23 Effect of Glutathione upon CCS-Independent CSD Activities in Arabidopsis Flowers ………24 Effect of Glutathione upon CCS-Independent CSD Activities in Arabidopsis Flower Protein Extract ………………………………………………………………………………………25 Altering Glutathione Concentration by Drugs or Glutaredoxin Expression Affect CCS-Independent CSD Activities in Arabidopsis Protoplasts ……………………………26 Activation of Apo-CSD1 by Cu and GSH is Greatly Enhanced When Atccs Cellular Extracts Is Added in Vitro ……………………………………………………………………………27 Superoxide Anion Level and Seed Germination Rate of WT, Atccs and Atcsd1 ……………29 Root Length of Atccs and Atcsd1 under Oxidative Stress Treatments and Different Glutathione Concentrations …………………………………………………………………………………30 CSD1 Variants Show Differing Activity Levels in Yeast ………………………………………32 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................34 Different Activation Preferences of CSD1 and CSD2 Are Due to an Inhibitory Effect of CCS-Independent Activation in Chloroplasts ……………………………………………34 The Inhibition of CCS-Independent Activation in Chloroplasts Could Ensure a Proper Operation of the Photosynthesis System ……………………………………………………………35 CSD3 Might be Activated Primarily by the CCS-Independent Pathway ………………………36 Different Preferences for CCS-Dependent and -Independent Activation Might Benefit Life in Its Habitat ………………………………………………………………………………………37 CCS-Independent CSD Activities Are Physiologically Functional and Sufficient to Support Growth of Plant Cells ………………………………………………………………………38 CSD1 variants activated by CCS-independent way show different activation efficiency …40 GSH Is Involved in CCS-Independent Activation Pathway with the Involvement of an Essential Factor Remain to be Discovered ……………………………………………………………41 Models of How the Unknown Factor Involves In the CCS-Independent Pathway ……………42 C-Terminal of CSD Protein May Determines Its Activation by CCS or the Unknown Factor …………………………………………………………………………………………………43 Perspective ………………………………………………………………………………………45 Figures and Table ............................................................................................................................49 Appendix ………………………………………………………………………………………81 References ....................................................................................................................................85 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 銅鋅超氧歧化酶 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 活化機制 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | 不同阿拉伯芥銅鋅超氧歧化酶對其活化機制偏好之研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Copper Chaperone-Dependent and -Independent Activation of Three Copper-Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Homologs Localized in Different Cellular Compartments in Arabidopsis | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林秋榮(Chu-Yung Lin),林讚標(Tsan-Piao Lin),鄭石通(Shih-Tong Jeng),張孟基(Men-Chi Chang),楊健志(Chien-Chih Yang) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 銅鋅超氧歧化酶,活化機制, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | CuZnSOD CCS-independent activation, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 96 | |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2012-03-28 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 植物科學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 植物科學研究所 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-101-1.pdf | 2.06 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
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