考慮連續處方箋病患行為於連鎖藥局需求預測模型之研究

Abstract

近年來慢性疾病在十大死亡原因中就占了七個排名，而慢性病最常見的治療方式就是服用處方藥，為了監控以及簡化領藥程序，醫師會開立連續處方箋 (refillable prescriptions)方便作業，連續處方箋通常為醫生開給慢性疾病 (如高血壓)或是經醫生評估病患可以穩定長期服用相同藥物的病患，由於此類型的病患會在一段時間後回藥局續領藥(refill)，其需求會呈現一定的模式。本研究將病患分成第一次領藥和使用連續處方箋第二次、第三次之後續領藥(refill)的病患，第一次領藥的需求預測由灰色預測和時間序列混合而成預測模型預測，而藥品需求若呈現隨機性或是季節性，也會使用不同的預測方法；對於第二次之後領藥的需求預測，利用醫生開立的連續處方箋的歷史資料，針對病人回藥局領藥的時間以及病人是否會回藥局領藥的機率做分析，將這些病患領藥行為加入預測模型中，得到預測需求量。最後將兩個部分的預測值相加為最終的預測需求。接著使用兩個實際連鎖藥局的資料集，和原始模型比較進行驗證，實驗結果發現，在總共2968種藥品中，有約67%的藥的預測準確度會比原使模型還要準確。另外，本研究試圖從藥品特性、病患行為等方面找尋因子，透過這些因子找出哪種藥品較適用本研究所提出的預測模型，結果發現當準點率高時，大部分的藥品會適用本研究的預測模型。

In recent years, chronic diseases have accounted for seven rankings among the top ten causes of death, and the most common treatment for chronic diseases is using prescription drugs. In order to monitor and simplify the process, the physician will open a refillable prescriptions. Refillable prescription is usually given to patients with chronic diseases (such as hypertension) or doctors believe that patients can take the same drugs for a period of time, and the demand will be a certain pattern. In this paper, patients will be divided into two types, fill the drugs first time and use refillable prescription to refill drugs. The demand of the first type was predicted by gray forecasting method and time series, drugs with different demand pattern like randomness or seasonal will use different forecast method. For the second type of patient, this paper forecast the demand by analyzing patient’s behavior in refillable prescription of historical data. Finally, two parts of the forecast value added to the final forecast demand. Then, using two data sets from the actual pharmacy chain stores, and original model will be compared to proposed model. The experimental results found that a total of 2968 kinds of drugs, about 67% of the drug will be more accurate than the original forecasting model. In addition, this study attempts to find factors from the aspects of drug characteristics, patient behavior, etc. Through these factors to find out which drugs are more suitable for the proposed model. The results found that when the on time rate is high, most of the drugs will be suitable for the proposed model.