「為什麼我要留長髮？」：台灣HBL甲組女籃球員的身體經驗與性別認同

Abstract

近年來，HBL高中聯賽女子有些球隊有著「短髮禁令」，球員被規定不能將頭髮剪短，必須留著長長的頭髮。本研究從「短髮禁令」出發，從三個層次著手，分別是社會、個人以及組織（球隊），探問HBL甲組女籃球員的身體經驗，身體規訓、生活規範如何在他們身上銘刻，他們活生生的身體如何去回應結構？如何去做性別？規訓背後隱而未說的是什麼？他們的能動性在哪裡？研究方法採用深度訪談法，輔以內容分析、參與觀察，並運用「活生生的身體」及「性別操演」的概念去探討HBL甲組女籃成員的身體經驗與性別認同。透過球員活生生的身體以及日常實作可發現，二元性別氣質的規訓的確銘刻其身，然而他們幽微細緻的實作總能在規訓的縫隙展現能動性與抵抗。運動員的身分認同讓他們擁有能動性，將運動本身去性化作為一種性別謀略，並在不同處境之中表現出不同的氣質，有時是服膺、有時操弄、有時翻轉社會腳本即刻板印象，攪亂二元的僵固結構。他們展現的女性陽剛，是一種既陽剛又陰柔的存在，正是對於僵固二元結構的挑戰與挑釁。

In recent years, some teams of High School Basketball league put a ban on wearing short hair. Players are forbidden to cut their hair short, they have to wear ponytails. This study starts from this regulation and analyzes according to three levels: personal, institutional and sociological. This study tries to answer the following questions: how the body disciplines, norms, body experiences inscribe on these players? How they respond? What are the untold behind those disciplines? The research methods are in-depth interview, content analysis and participant observation. “Lived body” and “gender performativity” are the key concepts of discussing body experience and gender identity. This study discovers that the binary concept of gender expression indeed influence the players. However, the subtle practices in everyday life find the way to show the agency and resistance. Athlete Identity empowers the players to desexualize sport itself to maneuver gender. In addition, they perform different gender expressions in different situations, sometimes obeying, sometimes mocking, and also trying to turn the binary concept upside down. The female masculinity these players preform is a mixture of masculinity and femininity. Besides, the existence of female masculinity symbolizes the challenge and provocation of the binary gender concept.