暫時性專案型組織的治理機制—以臺灣黑客松活動為例

Abstract

在數位時代知識資訊的交流下，發展出由實體空間與虛擬空間所交織出的創新地景，本研究尤其在探討個人或是專案團隊(project team)在實體及虛擬空間中不同的創新活動，以及影響其創新過程與治理機制。以數位經濟下的創新活動—黑客松(Hackathon)作為經驗研究對象，活動強調聚集不同專業領域的行動者在一個實體空間，透過不同的專案團隊進行短期且密集的合作與互動，以開發出解決當前產業技術或是社會問題的創新方案。

遂此，本研究欲探討暫時性專案型組織的運作模式與治理機制，其如何在有限的時間內回應高度不穩定、快速變動的環境，同時又能建立合作信任關係、促使創新想法的產生。當專案團隊成員間的技術依賴關係是組織內部運作動能時，組織信任(trust)關係則是增強組織強度的關鍵因素。透過研究分析不同類型的專案團隊的運作模式，發現專業背景與熟悉程度影響組織信任的建立，而在這個過程，專案團隊外部因素（主辦方和贊助方）同時影響暫時性專案組織的治理機制。 黑客松活動場域是形成關係空間和行動者網絡的重要因素，特別是探討虛擬空間(virtual space)與實體空間是如何影響專案團隊的治理機制。研究發現專案運作過程中實體空間與虛擬空間交互使用，可以加速專案的運作效率外，也可以使專案組織在特定的專案階段，以更快速的方式建立成員間的信任關係。暫時性組織也體現了時間的重要性，專案團隊成員透過建立組織的時間常模(timing norms)進行組織內部的運作與安排，作為專案團隊的治理機制。

In this digital era, the exchange of information and knowledge fueled an innovative and ground-breaking horizon comprised of physical and virtual spaces. This research focuses on the innovation activities conducted by different organizations that occur in both physical and virtual spaces, and how their innovation progress and governance mechanisms are influenced by the activities. It targets Hackathon, a sprint-like event in which computer programmers and professionals from different fields collaborate intensively as a project team, so as to solve social issues and industrial technology obstacles. Therefore, this thesis will discuss about the operational patterns and the governance mechanisms of temporary organizations. How these organizations build trust and collaborative relationships in an environment defined by uncertainty and instability in order to create innovation ideas within limited timeframe. When the organizational momentum is based on members’ dependency on each other’s technical knowledge, “trust” becomes a critical factor in strengthening the relationship internally. Through investigation on various types of project teams, it is found that the professional backgrounds and level of familiarity between members are two main factors of trust building. Furthermore, external factors such as event organizers and sponsors also play important roles in forming governance mechanisms of project-based organizations. The field of Hackathon event is also an important factor of forming a relational space and actor networks, especially when reviewing how virtual and physical spaces could affect the governance mechanisms of project-based organizations. The result of this research shows that when working space alternates between physical and virtual,, not only the efficacy of productivity increases, and the speed of trust-building also raises in specific project stage. Consequently, temporary organizations reflect the importance of time. Through building timing norms in temporary organizations, members manage and operate the organization, which forms the governance mechanisms within the organization.