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標題: | 台灣營養安全與最適飲食攝取量 Nutrition Security and Optimal Dietary Intake in Taiwan |
作者: | Yi-Ting Liu 劉弈廷 |
指導教授: | 張靜貞 |
關鍵字: | 目標規劃,最適化,食物攝取模式,糧食平衡表,國民營養健康狀況變遷調查, Goal programming,optimization,food intake pattern,food balance sheet,Nutrition and Health Survey in Taiwan(NAHSIT), |
出版年 : | 2017 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 隨著快速的經濟和社會變遷,台灣已經成為了一個飲食西化的國家。舉例來說,十幾年前,我們的主食是米飯和根莖類食物,但現在食物的選擇越來越多元化,麥當勞、肯德基隨處可見。也代表著人們越吃越多肉類及糖類食物而蔬菜和水果卻越吃越少。從食物供給面來看,台灣供給太多脂肪食物導致每年平均每人有38%的脂肪提供給熱量,但根據建議量脂肪的攝取只能占能量的20%-30%。因此,這隱含了食物供給提供太多不健康的食物。再者,台灣是全亞洲肥胖率最高的國家,這個情況會導致嚴重的健康問題。所以,為了解決飲食不健康的問題又要符合國人的經濟行為,本研究使用數學規劃方法來解決這些問題。
本研究一開始利用台灣國民營養調查探討台灣飲食攝取狀況並從基本統計分析中發現台灣人攝取太多不健康的食物。接下來本研究使用目標規劃設計最適飲食模型。為了符合國人的經濟和攝取行為,此模型的目標在於取觀察值與最適值中差距最小且最適值之範圍必須在第5百分位及第95百分位數的人所攝取的範圍之內,同時也須符合台灣營養建議攝取量的範圍內。除此之外,最適飲食模型也可以讓我們了解那些健康的食物是各年齡層、各性別所缺乏的。 最後,透過最適飲食模型的求解,各年齡層的營養攝取量皆在台灣營養建議攝取量的範圍之中。食物攝取的部分,最適飲食模型改變了飲食習慣,油脂類、紅肉類減少攝取,而蔬菜、魚類及黃豆類增加攝取份數。奶類攝取份數也有增加,但主要增加的年齡層是老年人口。根據上述結果,本研究提供兩個建議政策:第一,政府應從食物供給面改善,多供給營養密集度高的食物,例如:蔬菜、魚類。第二,再從食物需求面改善,可以多宣傳吃健康的食物,加上台灣人普遍缺乏鈣質,除了可以多喝牛奶,也可以多攝取蔬菜來補充鈣質的攝取。 For many years, Taiwan has been a food westernization country. Which is due to rapid social and demography change that causes transition in dietary habit (Ghattas, 2014). For example, decades age, our staple food are rice and roots. But now, our choice become more and more in our daily life, McDonald, subway, many fast food stores all around the street. People eat more sugar, more meat but less fruit and vegetable than before. Furthermore, from the food supply side, Taiwan provide contribution of 38% fat from our energy in average every year; however, we should only absorb 20-30% fat intake from energy in our daily life. It implicates food supply provide too much unhealthy food. Therefore, Taiwan has the highest obesity rate in all Asia country. This situation may easy to cause serious health problem. In order to solve healthy problem and in accordance with economic behavior, we use mathematical programming to solve this situation. This thesis first explore Taiwan dietary intake status and found that people eat more unhealthy food. Next, we use goal programming to design an optimal dietary intake model and decrease the gap between observed an optimized food intake pattern. In addition, optimal dietary intake model can also make us understand what kind of healthy food we should eat and follow this diet habit. Also, optimized food intake pattern adjust scope between 5th and 95th observed food intake pattern; therefore, it can be in accordance with our economic behavior. In conclusion, this optimal dietary intake is focus on Taiwan people by each sex and age. The results show that our optimized food intake pattern is reasonable. People become eat healthier food such as intake more fish, soybean, vegetable and dairy and eat less oil and red meat. Also, all nutrients achieve their goal by adjustment of dietary intake pattern. According to narrated above, we provide two policy recommendations. First, government should develop food supply rule and product or import healthier food for Taiwan people. Second, government should promote eat less fat density food in order to prevent rise obesity prevalence rate. To make Taiwan population have sufficient calcium intake, government not only should encourage people to drink dairy but also eat more vegetable because vegetable is also a good calcium source for people. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/68079 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU201704514 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 農業經濟學系 |
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