懸浮粒子濃度量測與監控系統

Abstract

在水利及海洋工程中，泥砂濃度是重要的水文觀測資料，一方面可以成為極重要的水生態環境的評估指標。另一方面，良好的監控泥砂濃度可以有效地控管水庫品質，以達到保護水庫永續經營之目的。 本論文使用之儀器與設備有別於以往的泥砂濃度儀，本系統導入新穎與自動化的技術，涵蓋自動化量測、即時傳輸、自動紀錄…等高度自動化功能，以達到最低人力的需求。此外，由於本系統所使用之軟、硬體與換能器皆為自行開發，因此成本可以有效控管，讓我們在同一水庫，同樣的資源下，可以廣設站點，增進濃度量測的全面性。 在技術方面，目前市面上與各研究領域皆使用光學式濁度計，其原理是利用光穿過水體中發生散射或吸收光線，而不是沿直線穿透的光學特性的表徵；而本研究是利用高頻率超音波技術進行水體濃度量測，超音波是一種快速、非侵入式的測量技術，可對大範圍的懸浮顆粒進行量測，並利用演算法進行分析，達成所需之特性描述，研究成果顯示，利用超音波技術進行濃度量測，可以得到近似線性關係之率定曲線，因此可以更精確、更穩定地量測濃度，更利於長時間量測與更廣泛的應用。

In Taiwan's water conservancy projects and reservoirs, the suspended sediment concentration is an important hydrological observation information, on the one hand can become a very important assessment indicator of water ecological environment, on the other hand, a good monitoring of suspended sediment concentration can effectively control the quality of water in the reservoir, by the above reasons can achieve a purpose of protecting the reservoir and sustainable operation. The instrument and equipment used in this paper are different from the previous suspended concentration measurement, the system use a new and automated technology, covering automated measurement, real-time transmission, automatic recording and other highly automated features to achieve the minimum human needs. In addition, because of the software, hardware and transducers are self-developed, so the cost can be effectively controlled, even let us can set up much more observatories in the same reservoir with same resources to enhance the comprehensive of concentration of the measurement. In terms of technology, the usually used of optical turbidity meter, the principle is that the light through the water scattering or absorption of light, rather than along the straight line of the optical characteristics of the characterization; and this study use ultrasonic wave to implement, ultrasonic wave is a fast, non-invasive measurement technology, can be a wide range of suspended particles for measurement, and then use algorithms for analysis to achieve the required description. The results show that we can get a linear relationship in the rating curve, it can be more accurate and more stable measurement of concentration.