清初《易》圖論辨研究

Abstract

在明清學術變遷的解釋當中，清初學者論辨《易》圖的涵義，可有「理學反動」、「內在理路」、「回歸原典」、「儒學淨化」等四種說法。為能釐清其主從關係，本文從清以前《易》圖論辨的涵義開始，析論黃宗羲、黃宗炎、胡渭、毛奇齡論辨《易》圖之學思背景、學說特色與考辨成果，進行深入的個案研究。藉由細部的討論可知，四家論辨有不同角度，內容涵義也有所差距，但是否接受朱熹應用《易》圖的思想體系與經典詮釋，為學者之間的共同問題。清初學者透過天文曆算、思想辨別、歷史溯源、文獻考察等方法，廓清圖說與經典不合，其批評程度不盡一致，但皆反對《易》圖蘊含之形而上學，優位於《周易》經傳之初始涵義。

In the explanations of Ming-Qing academic transformation, the early Qing Confucian scholars argued about the significances of Yi Diagram with four theories: 'Anti-Neo-Confucianism', 'Inner Logic', 'Return to the Sources' and 'Confucian Purism'. In order to define the mainstream theory from the subordinate, this paper starts from the discussion of the arguments before the Qing Dynasty, and applies case studies to analyze the textual and ideological arguments of Yi Diagram, which were proposed by Huang Zong-xi, Huang Zong-yan, Hu Wei and Mao Qi-ling. Additionally, this paper also discusses the academic backgrounds of these four scholars, aiming to distinguish the features and major conclusions of their proposed arguments. Based on the detailed analysis, this paper suggests that these four scholars have different analytical perspectives and contributions. However, it was still debatable for many scholars that if Zhu Xi’s Classic interpretation with Yi Diagram was acceptable. Lastly, scholars used all kinds of methods, such as ephemeris, ideology, history and textual researches, to differ Yi Diagram from Yi. They had different levels of criticism, but all opposed that the metaphysics of Yi Diagram is better than Yi.