《四書》滿文譯本研究

Abstract

本研究比對康熙十六年（1677）《日講四書解義(inenggidari giyangnaha sy šu i jurgan be suhe bithe)》、乾隆六年（1741）《御製清文四書 (han i araha manju hergen i sy šu bithe)》、乾隆四十七年（1708）《四庫全書》本《欽定繙譯四書(han i araha ubaliyabuha duin bithe)》等重要的滿、漢文《四書》譯文，分析其滿文譯文之異同，並解釋其異文現象形成的原因。藉由了解清初《四書》學、梳理日講制度興替等背景，認為康熙朝繙譯時，當以朱熹《四書章句集注》為底本，又相當程度參考張居正《四書直解》的白話說解。至於乾隆朝的改譯，是為了奠定新清語的典範，故著力在語言修整，相較之下對於義理詮釋，因為採取刪去說解、獨存經文的策略，所以除了對一些違礙的字詞稍做潤飾外，大抵與康熙朝的譯本，甚至是朱子《四書》文本都沒有太明顯的異同。

This thesis explores how the Manchuria regime adapted the Chinese classic, the Four Books, into Manchu versions, and how they profoundly influenced the scholarship and culture. In 1677, Ri jiang shi shu jie yi (Daily Lecture on the Four Books) was published through imperial authority. After that, Qianlong Emperor continued revising the Manchu translation in 1741 and 1755, with the latter eventually collected in Ssu-k’u ch’uan-shu (Complete library of the four treasuries), which became the official textbook for the Imperial Examination throughout the dynasty. Looking back on the revisions and examing those alternations sheds light on the translation and interpretation of two types of language, culture, and authority, and such a process not only offers a clear view of the evolution of Manchu language, but also offers a new understanding of the Four Books.