臺灣紅圓翅鍬形蟲複合群之親緣地理關係研究

Abstract

本研究擬探討臺灣地區圓翅屬鍬形蟲之親緣地理分布模式，由於此類圓翅屬鍬形蟲具有主動播遷能力弱、生態與棲息環境特殊等生物特性，適合作為親緣地理學研究之題材。再者，目前臺灣地區圓翅屬鍬形蟲在分類上仍混亂而具爭議，本研究將以粒線體基因為分子標記，檢視臺灣地區圓翅屬鍬形蟲分子親緣關係與生物地理學之分布模式。本研究結果以粒線體色素氧化酶 1 部份序列（cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, CO 1）為分子標記，建立目前臺灣地區已知圓翅屬鍬形蟲之親緣關係樹。結果顯示，在分子層級之親緣關係支序結構與傳統分類群互相衝突，許多分類上的有效種之間享有相同的部份粒線體基因片段，即傳統分類的異種間共享相同單倍體基因型。例如：紅圓翅鍬形蟲（Neolucanus swinhoei）為臺灣地區圓翅屬鍬形蟲最廣泛分佈種，其遺傳結構與其他 2 種已知有效種與 3 種未知種之間共享相同的粒線體單倍體基因型。本研究將檢視傳統分類方法與分子層面之間的衝突問題，建立臺灣地區圓翅屬鍬形蟲的親緣關係，並將臺灣地區圓翅屬鍬形蟲之親緣地理關係完整構築。

Phylogeographical patterns of many animals, including small mammals, birds, and invertebrates, have been well established in Taiwan. In this research, we study the phylogeographical pattern of the genus Neolucanus, a group of Lucanidae. Stag beetles in genus Neolucanus show low dispersal ability and use specific ecological habits. The taxonomy of the stag beetles Neolucanus species complex from Taiwan was unclear due to its highly variation morphology. The phylogeny of these species was reconstructed using all known species of Neolucanus in Taiwan and molecular data from the partial sequences of mtDNA CO1 gene. Based on the topology of phylogenetic tree, the taxonomical pattern was conflicted with phylogenetic relationship on the molecular level. Several taxonomical valid species shared exactly the same haplotype of the partial mtDNA CO1 gene. For instance, the most widespread species, Neolucanus swinhoei shared the common haplotype with Neolucanus doro. The result implicates that the taxonomic groups may not be equivalent to genetic groups within Neolucanus. In the article, we plan to unravel the conflict between taxonomic and genetic pattern of Neolucanus in Taiwan, and build up a comprehensive phylogenetic pattern of Neolucanus in Taiwan. After this study, an authentic phylogeographical pattern of the Neolucanus stag beetle will be established.