臺灣醫療及健康產業規劃及發展之探討

Abstract

背景與目的:隨著科技的發展與醫療技術的進步，人類的生活水準與平均年齡已是近代史的高點。健康產業因而興起，其中包括疾病治療、照護、預防、旅遊及身體和心靈的健康促進，而其所提供的則是借以增進健康為目的的醫療服務或產品。在整合之後，產生的新興的異業整合，使醫療與健康產業有了新的發展方向，更成為評量現代化國家總體發展的重要指標之ㄧ。透過異業的整合創新的技術、產品管理成為未來產業的希望。因此，如何將醫療與健康產業導向創新式的結合，創造出新的產業價值，乃本研究的目的。而研究課題則著重於探討台灣醫療與健康產業之整合機制以及國內外市場之競爭力;探討台灣各醫療與健康產業之異業結合與發展; 探討發展台灣醫療與健康產業結合之現況並研擬改進策略進而推動台灣醫療與健康產業合適地區之發展。 方法:本研究針對台灣醫療與健康產業現況進行個別之分析，以文獻探討為始，以優勢（strengths）、劣勢（weaknesses）、機會（opportunities）、威脅（threats）SWOT法對產業現況、潛力、特色與環境進行廣泛而深入之探討其優劣情勢。同時，以分析層級程序法(Analytic Hierarchy Process， AHP) 在「醫療健康設施」、「交通運輸系統」及「旅遊據點資源」三項因素下，比較各因素影響程度之權重大小，得出專家學者在考量醫療健康產業發展潛力地區選定之評估。透過個別產業的現況，整理歸納。進一步作異業整合，並提出區域規劃與發展機制以為參考，並完成本研究的目的。 研究結果: 台灣醫療技術及設備水準高、制度健全、收費合理、且具華語語言優勢、旅遊品質佳、交通方便等乃為機會。但台灣法規限制醫療產業無法宣傳行銷，且網路式旅遊尚未成型，再加上外幣使用不便等為其劣勢。其機會則在於國際醫療、華人市場的潛力、觀光醫療為「國家重點計劃」之ㄧ等。然而週邊國家醫療旅遊產業的興起，出入境法規手續方便均是威脅。 綜合各縣市AHP評估得分之優先順序，以得分計算的結果而言，顯示「醫療健康設施」因素權重最高，其次為「交通運輸系統」及「旅遊據點資源」。在目前各縣市現有資源的情況下，發展醫療、健康旅遊產業之基礎條件較好的地區分別為北部區域的臺北市與新北市、中部區域的台中市、南部區域的高雄市與臺南市，以及東部區域的花蓮縣及臺東縣。此結果反映出這些地區的交通、自然、土地、人才、相關設備設施等資源條件，加上專家評估的權重後之得分相對較佳，將來在示範地區的推動，須從這些原有的基礎條件與相對優勢為根本，配合鎖定之目標客層的市場需求，補注該地區缺乏的資源，提供適當的產品與配套措施。 結論: 醫療、健康產業可分為短期、中期、長期三階段發展，短期以滿足目前目標客層包括國內、中國大陸及日本客戶之需求，配合各地區現況各項資源均較為完備之地區發展；中期選擇各項條件次佳的地區，以補足某項較為缺乏之資源，增加服務品質與項目發展；長期則可根據各地區不同旅遊資源，加強醫療資源及交通運輸系統，以發展俱特色之醫療旅遊。

Background and Objectives: In recent history, living standards and average lifespan have climaxed as the technology of medical care has advanced. The health industry emerges accordingly, which includes disease treatment, care providers, preventive measures, travel, and enhancement of the well-being of body and spirit. What is being provided is a medical service or product that aims to increase health. After integration, a new cross-industrial collaboration is rendered, giving medical health industry new dimensions for development, even making them two of the significant indicators to evaluate the overall development of modern countries. With novel technologies brought forth through cross-industrial collaboration, product management becomes the promise of the future. Therefore, integrating medical care and health industries with an innovative approach and create new industrial values is the objective of this research. With a focus on exploring the mechanisms of implementing integral medical care and health industries in Taiwan, relevant regulations and laws for cross-industrial collaboration in the development of medical care and health industries are reevaluated in order to construct solutions for improvement. Considerations include suitable areas for Taiwan to develop medical care and health industries and their implementation mechanisms. Methods: This research aims to analyze environment in the fields of medical health industry. Beginning with literary exploration, this research conducts in-depth analysis with the SWOT method that covers a broad scope in aspects of strengths and weaknesses regarding current industrial status, potential, features, and environments. Meanwhile, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied to the three factors, “medical health installations,” “transportation systems,” and “tour locations,” comparing their weights under various influences and configuring an evaluation made by experts and scholars in consideration for selecting potential areas to develop medical tourism. Current status for each industry will be organized and further integration with cross-industrial collaboration is made by presenting reference for zoning and developmental mechanisms to fulfill the goal of this research. Results: Taiwan's advanced technology in medical care and facilities, reasonable medical costs, use of Chinese language, quality tourism and accessible transportation are our advantages. However, current laws and regulations restrain the medical industry from promotional marketing, internet-oriented tourism is still immature, and the inconveniences of using foreign currencies are our disadvantages. Our opportunities also include the potential of the international medical care industry and the Chinese market, and medical tourism as one of the “National Key Projects.” The emergence of medical tourism and easy immigration procedures in neighboring counties are threats. Concluding the priority of AHP evaluation of various counties and cities reveals “medical healthinstallations” weighs the most, follow by“transportation systems” and “tour locations”. Based on the current status in various counties and cities, basic conditions more suitable for developing medical tourism are found in Taipei City and New Taipei City in the north, Taichung City in the central area, Kaohsiung City and Tainan City in the south, and Hualien County and Taitung County in the eastern region. The results reflect on conditions of resources in terms of transportation, nature, land, local talent, and relevant facilities, with experts' weight evaluation resulting in better scores in these regions. Future development should be based on existing resources, targeting market demand to support resources needed for that region and provide appropriate products and packages. Conclusion: Medical health industry goes through three stages of development -- short term, mid-term and long term -- to satisfy current clients demand, including that of domestic, Chinese, and Japanese clients and coordinating with current resources in the regions that are more well-developed regions, then mid-term for less-favored regions to support the needed resources and increase service quality and development. In the long term, according to regional features for each region, the goal is to increase medical and transportation resources to develop the features for a medical health industry.