益達胺亞致死劑量對蜜蜂之影響

Abstract

益達胺已經被證實會對昆蟲造成重大的危害，而目前也有許多研究益達胺對蜜蜂的影響。僅管益達胺對蜜蜂的影響已經有廣泛的研究，但是亞致死劑量的益達胺對整個蜂群造成的影響仍然相當重要，特別是對整個蜂群造成慢性影響的研究。本文主要探討花蜜上殘留的益達胺被蜜蜂帶回蜂群內的移行情形。此研究針對暴露在益達胺糖水環境下的蜂群，偵測其殘留的益達胺濃度，包括蜂蜜、幼蟲以及羽化後的成蟲。本研究採在蜂巢內放置糖盒，直接餵食蜂群含有益達胺的糖水，餵食之益達胺濃度範圍為5-100 μg/L。並利用高效液相層析儀來分析各樣本的益達胺濃度。此外，本研究也將經餵食處理，羽化後的成蟲進行口吻延伸反應測試以評估其學習能力。研究結果指出，只有經100 μg/L 之益達胺餵食處理後的蜂蜜有出現殘留的反應，其殘留之益達胺濃度為35.45 μg/L。學習能力測試的結果顯示，經益達胺糖水餵食處理與正常之蜜蜂，其中並沒有顯著差異。根據本研究結果推測，益達胺不會透過蜂蜜傳遞而顯著影響成蟲之學習能力。然而，對於其他可能的益達胺移行途徑及蜂巢內之益達胺殘留對蜂群健康造成之潛在影響仍需要更進一步的研究。

Imidacloprid has been proved that it makes harmful influence on insect, and there is a great deal of research on honey bee. While the effect of imidacloprid on honey bee has been extensively investigated, the impact of sub-lethal dosage on colony health is relatively important, especially on chronic influence. This thesis studies the transference of imidacloprid from fields to colony. The research focuses on the analysis of residual imidacloprid concentration in honey bee hive including honey, larvae, and eclosion adults after exposing in poisoned environment. Firstly, the colonies were fed with imidacloprid syrup in range of 5-100 μg/L directly in hive, and then high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) was used to detect the residual imidacloprid concentration. Moreover, the olfactory learning ability of eclosion adults is examined by proboscis extension reflex (PER). The findings suggest that the residual imidacloprid was only detected in honey samples after the colonies fed with imidacloprid syrup 100 μg/L, and the concentration reached 35.45 μg/L. The results of learning ability examine showed that there were no significant differences between normal honey bees and treated honey bees which were fed with inidacloprid syrup in range of 25-100 μg/L. These findings indicate that imidacloprid could not make significant impact on colony health through honey transference. However, some studies found the pollen had high residual imidacloprid in beehive, but the influence it caused is still unclear. Therefore, it needs more investigations to explore the possible transferred pathway of imidacloprid and whether the accumulated imidacloprid concentration in beehive makes chronic impact on colony health in the future.