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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/66625完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 陳文鍾(Wen-Jone Chen) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Min-Shan Tsai | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 蔡旼珊 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T00:47:06Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2012-03-02 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2012-03-02 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2011-12-26 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | A randomized clinical study of a calcium-entry blocker (lidoflazine) in the treatment of comatose survivors of cardiac arrest. Brain Resuscitation Clinical Trial II Study Group. N Engl J Med 1991 May 2;324(18):1225-1231.
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/66625 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 突發性心跳停止(sudden cardiac arrest)是臨床醫療照護的重要挑戰之一,有許多的研究與醫療資源投注於改善突發性心跳停止病患之心肺復甦急救與預後。近年來,心肺復甦急救的研究致力於改善強化生命之鏈(chain of survival)的概念及實務的操作,這些致力於改善急救現場效率的研究確實改善了心肺復甦急救後重新建立自發性循環(return of spontaneous circulation, ROSC)的機會。
在積極不間斷的心肺復甦佐以適當的電擊除顫治療(electrical shock,ES)與藥物治療,突發性心跳停止病患恢復自發性循環的成功率可以高達百分之六十。然而,接受復甦急救後恢復自發性循環患者在急救後恢復期的死亡率仍然相當的高。雖然經過初步急救後,患者的血行動力指數得以恢復,但是在急救過程中所產生的缺氧與再灌流(ischemia/reperfusion)傷害以及所引起一連串的惡性循環,會加速心臟血管及腦部功能的惡化,引發心跳停止後症候群(post-cardiac arrest syndrome),進而在短期間內導致多重器官衰竭及死亡。只有少於百分之二十的突發性心跳停止恢復自發性循環患者有存活至出院的機會,而其中神經學正常的比例只有百分之五到八。對於此類非預期性死亡的患者,其所造成家庭及社會的影響相當的大,因此如何改善這些成功恢復自發性循環的病患預後的研究,也受到越來越多的重視。 在心跳停止時,若病患產生了心室搏動(ventricular tachycardia)或是心室顫動(ventricular fibrillation)等致命性的心室心律不整,電擊除顫治療(electrical shock,ES)是唯一已被證實有效的治療方法。臨床上,電擊除顫治療會造成心臟功能損傷,而此心臟功能損傷的程度跟所施與的電擊能量成正相關。給予心肌細胞電擊會造成心肌細胞內鈣離子濃度(Ca)的異常(Krauthamer et al. 1997; Jones et al. 1998; Choi et al. 1999; Fast et al. 2004; Cartwright et al. 2005; Woodcock et al. 2005)。電擊會造成心肌細胞舒張時細胞內過多的鈣離子負荷(Krauthamer and Jones 1997; Jones and Narayanan 1998),而過多的鈣離子負荷會降低肌微絲(myofilament)對鈣離子的反應(Zaugg et al. 2002)。電擊除顫治療所造成的心臟功能損傷被認為與電擊所產生的氧化游離基(reactive oxygen species,ROS)相關。在心臟表面施予電擊除顫治療會產生氧化游離基,而這些氧化游離基的血中濃度會隨著電擊能量的增加而上升(Caterine et al. 1996; Zhang et al. 2005)。而氧化游離基會傷害粒線體(mitochondria)和肌鞘(sarcolemma),造成粒線體功能受損和後續的細胞內鈣離子負荷過度(Caterine et al. 1996)。而進一步的動物實驗也證明:給予實驗動物包含了超氧化物歧化脢/過氧化氫酶(superoxide dismutease/catalase) 及一氧化氮合酶抑制劑(nitric oxide synthase inhibitor)的一些抗氧化游離基的藥物可以減少電擊除顫治療後氧化游離基的產生(Caterine et al. 1996; Zhang et al. 2005)。然而,給予心肌細胞電擊是否同樣會產生氧化游離基,以及電擊對於心肌細胞的收縮力以及相關的細胞內鈣離子濃度平衡的影響卻尚未被深入研究。 在第一部分的心肌細胞實驗裡,吾人假設電擊心肌細胞之後會產生細胞內的氧化游離基,而此氧化游離基會對細胞內胞器造成傷害,導致細胞內鈣離子之失衡,進而影響心肌細胞之收縮。而抗氧化游離基藥物-維他命C可以減少電擊之後所產生的氧化游離基,進而減少心肌細胞在電擊之後的收縮力下降情形以及細胞內鈣離子濃度不平衡之現象。 在本實驗裡,吾人以成年公鼠為研究材料,將其心臟分離出來並游離出心肌細胞。先以螢光染劑2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH)證明電擊後心肌細胞內有增加之游離基存在,而抗氧化游離基藥物-維他命C會減少其數量;之後將心肌細胞分成(1)電擊組,(2)維他命C+電擊組,(3)維他命C組,(4)控制組等四組。0.2毫莫耳(mM)濃度的維他命C加入維他命C+電擊組與維他命C組的灌流液之中,再對電擊組與維他命C+電擊組給予能量為2焦耳的電擊。利用 Fura-2染色和IonOptix 影像系統觀察電擊對於心肌細胞之收縮力及細胞內鈣離子濃度變化之影響。 在給予電擊之後4分鐘,電擊組的心肌細胞收縮長度(length shortening)明顯減少。而細胞內鈣離子濃度比率也發生相對應的變化。將電擊組與控制組相比較,電擊組的心肌細胞收縮長度和細胞內鈣離子濃度比率明顯減少。當有維他命C存在時,電擊並不會影響心肌細胞的收縮力與細胞內鈣離子濃度的變化。 因此,電擊心肌細胞之後會使細胞內氧化游離基的產生增加,而造成細胞內鈣離子之失衡,進而影響心肌細胞之收縮。而給予抗氧化游離基藥物-維他命C可以減少心肌細胞在電擊之後的收縮力下降情形以及細胞內鈣離子濃度不平衡之現象。 第二部分的計畫則是應用心肌細胞的研究結果作為基礎,確認心肌細胞電擊後之受傷機轉,以引發心室顫動而後接受心肺復甦急救(cardiopulmonary resuscitation)的動物研究模型,來驗證心肌細胞電擊模型所發現之抗氧化游離基藥物對於心室顫動與電擊之後心肌功能之保護機轉。吾人假設,心肺復甦急救中使用抗氧化游離基藥物對心室顫動與電擊所造成之心肌損傷具有保護作用,其機轉可能是經由減少心肺復甦急救與電擊後心肌細胞內與組織間所產生的氧化游離基所造成的傷害以及改善粒線體的傷害。吾人以電流誘導大鼠產生心室顫動,心室顫動持續5分鐘之後,給予1分鐘的心肺復甦術(cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)後,再予以電擊除顫,然後持續急救至成功恢復自發性循環(return of spontaneous circulation,ROSC)或是宣告急救無效。在心肺復甦術之前,分別給予實驗動物靜脈注射維他命C、Tempol或是安慰劑,觀察其電擊除顫之成功率、成功恢復自發性循環之比例、心肺復甦術的時間以及存活時間的長短,並用測量心肺復甦成功後之血行動力學及心臟功能。此外,吾人更進一步利用已建立的心室顫動動物模型,分別在心肺復甦術之前給予實驗動物靜脈注射維生素C、Tempol或是安慰劑,在予以一次能量為5焦耳的電擊之後立即犧牲,取實驗動物之左心室,進行丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的分析,來決定心肌組織在心室顫動與電擊之後脂質過氧化(lipid peroxidation)的程度。另外,吾人也利用蘇木精與伊紅的染色法(Hematoxylin and Eosin stain,HE stain) 與三色染色法(Gomori's trichrome stain)及電子顯微鏡檢視心肌組織及其心肌細胞內胞器的傷害情形。吾人進一步將左心室組織分離出粒線體,並加以測量粒線體通透性轉換孔(mitochondrial permeability transition pore,MPTP)開放的情形、粒線體酵素複合體活性(complex activity)和呼吸功能(respiration)等粒線體受損情形。 在活體的動物實驗裡,吾人發現,接受了維他命C與Tempol的心室顫動老鼠,其電擊治療的成功率較控制組的老鼠高,而且恢復自發性循環的比例也明顯增加。另外,吾人更進一步發現,心室顫動與電擊會對心肌組織與粒線體等胞器造成傷害,而導致粒線體功能失調。而給予維他命C與Tempol可以減少心肌組織與粒線體的傷害,進而減少在心室顫動與電擊的心肌損傷與心臟功能下降的情形。 吾人希望此一研究結果可為常見臨床重大醫療問題—心肺復甦急救與電擊後心臟功能失調,提供傷害產生的重要機轉以及可能的治療方法,以期減少這些病患的心臟損傷並改善其心臟功能與存活率,並可進一步深入探討調控訊息傳遞通路而產生新的藥物治療標的(target)。除了可以增進心臟停止病患復甦後之心臟功能及存活率外,並對於急性危急性心律不整接受電擊之病患照護,均有重大意義。並期望可進一步利用此研究結果改善心肺復甦急救的流程與復甦後的重症照護。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T00:47:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-100-Q93421006-1.pdf: 4289277 bytes, checksum: 8bd5d908d70619b67f645ededa6d17de (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 目 錄
一、中文摘要 ……………………………………………………………1 二、緒論(Introduction) 突發性心跳停止及心肺復甦急救治療之現況…………………5 心跳停止後症候群及復甦後之心臟功能失調…………………7 導致復甦後心臟功能失調之相關因子…………………………10 心肌細胞的收縮舒張過程以及與鈣離子的關係………………12 電擊除顫治療在心肺復甦急救的重要性………………………14 電擊除顫治療所造成的心臟功能損傷…………………………15 電擊造成心肌細胞損傷之可能機轉……………………………16 氧化游離基在細胞內所造成的傷害與細胞凋亡………………18 心跳停止接受復甦急救時氧化游離基的來源…………………20 抗氧化游離基藥物的作用機轉-維他命C與Tempol……………21 本研究的目的與假說……………………………………………22 三、研究方法與材料 第一部分:心肌細胞層面………………………………………25 第二部分:活體動物層面與粒線體傷害研究…………………31 四、研究結果 第一部分:心肌細胞電擊之後收縮功能與細胞內鈣離子平衡 的變化……………………………………………………………40 第二部分:心室顫動與電擊之後心肌組織傷害與粒線體損傷42 五、討論 第一部分:氧化游離基參與電擊之後心肌細胞收縮功能與細胞 內鈣離子平衡的變化……………………………………………46 第二部分:氧化游離基參與心室顫動心跳停止與電擊之後的心 肌組織損傷與粒線體傷害………………………………………55 六、展望 改善急救復甦後的心臟功能不全………………………………67 復甦後低溫治療的發展…………………………………………71 低溫治療對於心跳停止後症候群的改善………………………72 低溫治療與氧化游離基的關係…………………………………73 低溫治療中對於心臟功能與相關治療藥物的影響……………74 臨床上待解決之問題與未來之目標……………………………75 七、論文英文簡述………………………………………………77 八、參考文獻……………………………………………………97 九、圖表…………………………………………………………114 十、附錄…………………………………………………………138 表目錄 表一:各組實驗動物在引發心室顫動心跳停止之前的基礎數值…115 表二:各組實驗動物的急救復甦過程…………………………116 圖目錄 圖一:進行丙二醛含量分析、組織學和粒線體實驗的實驗動物研究流程………117 圖二:進行復甦和存活實驗的實驗動物研究流程……………118 圖三:細胞培養液中維他命C的適宜濃度初步研究 …………119 圖四:螢光染劑2’,7’-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH)之實驗結果………120 圖五:細胞長度收縮的時間軸紀錄……………………………121 圖六:細胞內鈣離子濃度變化的時間軸紀錄…………………122 圖七:單次的心肌細胞收縮比較………………………………123 圖八:心肌細胞之細胞長度收縮變化量化……………………124 圖九:心肌細胞內鈣離子變化量化……………………………125 圖十:心肌組織的組織學和電子顯微鏡之觀察………………126 圖十一:心肌細胞壞死(myocytolysis)的量化………………127 圖十二:心肌組織的丙二醛(Malondialdehyde)濃度 ………128 圖十三:鈣離子誘發粒線體通透移轉通道開啟………………129 圖十四:NADH-細胞色素c還原酶 (NADH cytochrome c reductase, NCCR)的活性測定 ………………………………………………130 圖十五:琥珀酸-細胞色素c還原酶(succinate cytochrome c reductase,SCCR)的活性測定…………………………………131 圖十六:細胞色素c氧化酵素(cytochrome c oxidase,CCO)的活性測定…………………………………………………………………132 圖十七:粒線體呼吸控制率(respiratory control ratio,RCR)的測定…………………………………………………………………133 圖十八:粒線體磷氧比(P/O ratio) …………………………134 圖十九:第三階段呼吸作用速率的測定………………………135 圖二十:第四階段呼吸作用速率的測定………………………136 圖二十一:各組實驗動物72小時存活之情形…………………137 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 粒線體 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 氧化游離基 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 維他命C | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 心肌細胞 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 鈣離子 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 心室顫動 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 心跳停止 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 電擊除顫治療 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 心肺復甦急救 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | cardiopulmonary resuscitation | en |
| dc.subject | ascorbic acid | en |
| dc.subject | cardiac arrest | en |
| dc.subject | reactive oxygen species | en |
| dc.subject | mitochondria | en |
| dc.subject | cardiomyocyte | en |
| dc.subject | calcium | en |
| dc.subject | ventricular fibrillation | en |
| dc.subject | electrical shock | en |
| dc.title | 心室顫動與電擊後心肌損傷之機轉 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The Mechanism of Myocardial Damage Resulted From Ventricular Fibrillation Cardiac Arrest and Electrical Shock | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 100-1 | |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | 陳惠文 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 楊偉勛,葉森洲,李新城 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 心跳停止,心肺復甦急救,電擊除顫治療,心室顫動,鈣離子,心肌細胞,粒線體,氧化游離基,維他命C, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | cardiac arrest,cardiopulmonary resuscitation,electrical shock,ventricular fibrillation,calcium,cardiomyocyte,mitochondria,reactive oxygen species,ascorbic acid, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 141 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2011-12-27 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 醫學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 臨床醫學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位: | 臨床醫學研究所 | |
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