金庸的中國觀-《書劍恩仇錄》與《天龍八部》的文本分析與比較研究

Abstract

本論文用文本分析的方法，研究金庸早期與晚期的兩部作品《書劍恩仇錄》與《天龍八部》當中的中國觀為何。而本文所欲研究之中國觀，特指建立於漢民族主義基礎上的「漢夷之分」。文本分析的內容包含兩部分，分別是「情節分析」與「人物分析」，「情節分析」在於節錄兩部作品當中的重要情節，分析金庸作品中漢夷之分的思想，並進而延伸到忠孝觀、忠君觀等其他政治思想；「人物分析」則是分析金庸筆下的人物個性、遭遇以及處世哲學，而發現到這些人物對於自己本身的身分認同。經過兩本文本的比較，可以發現到金庸前後期的中國觀迥然有異，早期作品中，金庸是以漢民族主義為中心思想；而到了金庸晚期的作品，則對漢族與非漢族都充滿著同情與憐憫。最後，本文透過金庸的生平簡介與在香港連載作品時的背景，解釋其中國觀有所變化的可能原因。

The dissertation applies textual analysis to the study of Chinese identity as conceived of by Jin Yong in his 'The Book and The Sword' and 'The Semi Gods and Semi Devils,' two novels published in his early and late career respectively. Chinese identity refers specifically to Han nationalism based on imagined difference between Han and non-Han. The analysis contains two parts: narrative and character. Narratives on loyalty, filial piety and kingship etc. challenge the difference between Han and aliens. Characters of various construction provoke reflections on selfhood, life experience and philosophy of life. Comparing the two novels, Jin Yong has had entirely contrasting views toward Chinese identity. He has become sensitive and sympathetic to the hybrid composition of Han and non-Han identities later in his career. The dissertation explains his change in terms of the tumultuous times of Hong Kong where he wrote as well as his personal encountering in Hong Kong politics.