請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65713完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 何國川(Kuo-Chuan Ho) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chen-Ya Tseng | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 曾晨雅 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-17T00:00:50Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2017-07-19 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2012-07-19 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2012-07-16 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | [1] 何國川, “電化學與無窗簾時代,” 化工, 第37卷第3期 (1990) 32-42.
[2] C. M. Lampert, “Smart switchable glazing for solar energy and daylight control,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 52 (1998) 207-221. [3] D. R. Rosseinsky and R. J. Mortimer, “Electrochromic systems and the prospects for devices,” Adv. Mater., 13 (2001) 783-793. [4] R. J. Mortimer, A. L. Dyer and J. R. Reynolds, “Electrochromic organic and polymeric materials for display applications,” Displays, 27 (2006) 2-18. [5] J. R. Platt, “Wavelength formulas and configuration interaction in brooker dyes and chain molecules,” J. Chem. Phys., 25 (1956) 80-105. [6] S. K. Deb and R. F. Shaw, “Electro-optical device having variable optical density,” U. S. Pat., 3,521,941 (1970). [7] F. T. Bauer and J. H. Bechtel, “Automatic rearview mirror for automotive vehicles,” U. S. Pat., 4,443,057 (1984). [8] H. J. Byker, “Single-compartment, self-erasing, solution-phase electrochromic devices, solutions for use therein and uses thereof,” U.S. Pat., 4,902,108 (1990). [9] J. H. Brechtel and H. J. Byker, “Automatic rearview mirror system for automotive vehicles,” U. S. Pat., 4,917,477 (1990). [10] E. S. Lee and D. L. DiBartolomeo, “Application issues for large-area electrochromic windows in commercial buildings,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 71 (2002) 465-491. [11] T. Kuboa, J. Tanimotoa, M. Minamia, T. Toyaa, Y. Nishikitania and H. Watanabeb, “Performance and durability of electrochromic windows with carbon-based counter electrode and their application in the architectural and automotive fields,” Solid State Ionics, 165 (2003) 97-104. [12] T. Kuboa, T. Shinadaa, Y. Kobayashia, H. Imafukua, T. Toyaa, S. Akitaa, Y. Nishikitania and H. Watanabeb, “Current state of the art for NOC-AGC electrochromic windows for architectural and automotive applications,” Solid State Ionics, 165 (2003) 209-216. [13] A. Azens, E. Avendaňo, J. Backholm, L. Berggren, G. Gustavsson, R. Karmhag, G. A. Niklasson, A. Roos and C. G. Granqvist, “Flexible foils with electrochromic coatings: science, technology and applications,” Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol., 119 (2005) 214-223. [14] C. Ma, M. Taya and C. Xu, “Smart sunglasses based on electrochromic polymers,” Polym. Eng. Sci., 48 (2008) 2224-2228. [15] M. Gratzel, “Ultrafast colour displays,” Nature, 409 (2001) 575-576. [16] U. Bach, D. Corr, D. Lupo, F. Pichot and M. Ryan, “Nanomaterials-based electrochromics for paper-quality displays,” Adv. Mater., 14 (2002) 845-848. [17] D. Corr, U. Bach, D. Fay, M. Kinsella, C. McAtamney, F. O’Reilly, S. N. Rao and N. Stobie, “Coloured electrochromic “Paper-quality” displays based on modified mesoporous electrodes,” Solid State Ionics, 165 (2003) 315-321. [18] P. R. Somani and S. Radhakrishnan, “Electrochromic materials and devices: Present and future,” Mater. Chem. Phys., 77 (2002) 117-133. [19] P. M. S. Monk, R. J. Mortimer and D. R. Rosseinsky, Electrochromism: Fundamentals and Applications, VSH, Weinheim, Germany (1995). [20] P. M. S. Monk, R. J. Mortimer and D. R. Rosseinsky, Electrochromism and electrochromic devices, Cambridge University Press, Cambridege, UK (2007). [21] B. W. Faughnan, R. S. Crandall and P. M. Heyman, “Electrochromism in WO3 amorphous films,” RCA Rev., 36 (1975) 177-197. [22] S. F. Cogan, N. M. Nguyen, S. J. Perrotti and R. D. Rauh, “Optical properties of electrochromic vanadium pentoxide,” J. Appl. Phys., 66 (1989) 1333-1337. [23] M. Kikao and S. Yamada, Proceedinds of the international seminar on solid state ionic devices, (1988) 359. [24] C. K. Dyer and J. S. Leach, “Reversible optical changes within anodic oxide films on titanium and niobium,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 125 (1978) 23-29. [25] 黃玉仙, “含普魯士藍與六氰鐵化銦電致色變元件之性能與最適化研究,” 國立台灣大學化學工程研究所碩士論文, 台北, 台灣 (2002). [26] J. Joseph, H. Gomathi and G. P. Rao, “Electrodes modified with cobalt hexacyanoferrate,” J. Electroanal. Chem., 304 (1991) 263-269. [27] 林巧芬, “以紫精搭配普魯士藍電致色變元件之研究, ” 國立台灣大學化學工程研究所碩士論文, 台北, 台灣 (2003). [28] 柯惠琪, “含聚苯胺之電致色變元件性質研究, ” 國立台灣大學化學工程研究所碩士論文, 台北, 台灣 (2000). [29] R. D. Rauh, F. Wang, J. R. Reynolds and D. L. Meeker, “High coloration efficiency electrochromics and their application to multi-color devices,” Electrochim. Acta, 46 (2001) 2023-2029. [30] M. Mastragostino, C. Arbizzani, P. Ferloni and A. Marinangeli, “Polymer-based electrochromic devices,” Solid State Ionics, 53 (1992) 471-478. [31] C. L. Gaupp, D. M. Welsh, R. D. Rauh and J. R. Reynolds, “Composite coloration efficiency measurements of electrochromic polymers based on 3, 4-Alkylenedioxythiophenes,” Chem. Mat., 14 (2002) 3964-3970. [32] R. D. Rauh, “Electrochromic windows: An overview,” Electrochim. Acta, 44 (1999) 3165-3176. [33] M. Mastragostino, C. Arbizzani, P. Ferloni and A. Marinangeli, “Polymer-based electrochromic devices,” Solid State Ionics, 53 (1992) 471-478. [34] N. Leventis, M. Chen, A. I. Liapis, J. W. Johnson and A. Jain, “Characterization of 3 x 3 matrix arrays of solution-phase electrochromic cells,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 145 (1992) L55-L58. [35] C. J. Schoot, J. J. Ponjee, H. T. van Dam, R. A. van Doorn and P. T. Bolwijn, “New electrochromic memory display,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 23 (1973) 64-65. [36] R. J. Mortimer, “Organic electrochromic materials,” Electrochim. Acta, 44 (1999) 2971-2981. [37] C. G. Granqvist, A. Azens, J. Isidorsson, M. Kharrazi, L. Kullman, T. Lindstrom, G. A. Niklasson, C. G. Ribbing, D. Ronnow, M. S. Mattsson and M. Veszelei, “Towards the smart window: Progress in electrochromics,” J. Non-Cryst. Solids, 218 (1997) 273-279. [38] A. Gutarra, A. Azens, B. Stjerna and C. G. Granqvist, “New electrochromic memory display,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 64 (1994) 1604-1606. [39] A. J. Heeger, S. Kivelson, J. R. Schrieffer and W. P. Su, “Solitons in conducting polymers,” Rev. Mod. Phys., 60 (1988) 781-850. [40] G. Harsanyi, Polymer films in sensor applications, CRC press, Boca Raton, Florida (1995) 206. [41] H. R. Allcock and F. W. Lampe, Contemporary polymer chemistry, 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ (1995). [42] A. J. Heeger, S. Kivelson, J. R. Schrieffer and W. P. Su, “Solitons in conducting polymers,” Rev. Mod. Phys., 60 (1988) 781-850. [43] Michael G. Hill, Kent R. Mann, Larry L. Miller and Jean Francois Penneau, “Oligothiophene cation radical dimers. An alternative to bipolarons in oxidized polythiophene,” J. Am. Chem. Soc., 114 (1992) 2728-2730. [44] H. Letheby, “On the production of a blue substance by the electrolpsis,” J. Chem. Soc., 15 (1862) 161-163. [45] T. Ito, H. Shirakawa and S. Ikeda, “Simultaneous polymerization and formation of polyacetylene film on the surface of concentrated soluble ziegler-type catalyst solution,” J. Polym. Sci. Pol. Chem., 12 (1974) 11-20. [46] H. Shirakawa, E. J. Lewis, A. G. MacDiarmid, C. K. Chiang and A. J. Heeger, “Synthesis of electrically conducting organic polymers: Halogen derivatives of polyacetylene, (CH)x,” J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Comm., (1977) 578-580. [47] J. Roncali, “Conjugated poly(thiophenes): Synthesis, functionalization and applications,” Chem. Rev., 92 (1992) 711-738. [48] J. Ohshita, A. Matsuguchi, K. Furumori, R. F. Hong, M. Ishikawa, T. Yamanaka, T. Koike and J. Shioya, “Polymeric organosilicon systems. 11. Synthesis and some properties of poly(disilanylenebutenyne-1,4-diyls) and poly[(methylphenylsilylene)butenyne-1,4-diyl],” Macromolecules, 25 (1992) 2134-2140. [49] C. L. Curtis, J. E. Ritchie and M. J. Sailor, “Fabrication of conducting polymer interconnects,” Science, 262 (1993) 2014-2016. [50] H. Sirringhaus, T. Kawase, R .H. Friend, T. Shimoda, M. Inbasekaran, W. Wu and E. P. Woo, “High-resolution inkjet printing of all-polymer transistor circuits,” Science, 290 (2000) 2123-2126. [51] P. M. Beaujuge, S. Ellinger and J. R. Reynolds, “The donor-acceptor approach allows a black-to-transmissive switching polymeric electrochrome,” Nat. Mater., 7 (2008) 795-799. [52] C. R. Martins and M. A. De Paoli, “Antistatic thermoplastic blend of polyaniline and polystyrene prepared in a double-screw extruder,” Eur. Polym. J., 41 (2005) 2867-2873. [53] A. Kaynak, “Electromagnetic shielding effectiveness of galvanostatically synthesized conducting polypyrrole films in the 300-2000 MHz frequency range,” Mater. Res. Bull., 31 (1996) 845-860. [54] N. Ahmad and A. G. MacDiarmid, “Inhibition of corrosion of steels with the exploitation of conducting polymers,” Synth. Met., 78 (1996) 103-110. [55] F. Garnier, R. Hajlaoui, A. Yassar and P. Srivastava, “All-polymer field-effect transistor realized by printing techniques,” Science, 265 (1994) 1684-1686. [56] S. A. Carter, M. Angelopoulos, S. Karg, P. J. Brock and J. C. Scott, “Polymeric anodes for improved polymer light-emitting diode performance,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 70 (1997) 2067-2069. [57] Y. Kudoh, K. Akami and Y. Matsuya, “Solid electrolytic capacitor with highly stable conducting polymer as a counter electrode,” Synth. Met., 102 (1999) 973-974. [58] B. Adhikari and S. Majumdar, “Polymers in sensor applications,” Prog. Polym. Sci., 29 (2004) 699-766. [59] S. J. Dong, Z. S. Sun and Z. L. Lu, “Chloride chemical sensor based on an organic conducting polypyrrole polymer,” Analyst, 113 (1988) 1525-1528. [60] G. R. Goward, F. Leroux and L. F. Nazar, “Poly(pyrrole) and poly(thiophene)/vanadium oxide interleaved nanocomposites: Positive electrodes for lithium batteries,” Electrochim. Acta, 43 (1998) 1307-1313. [61] S. Joseph, J. C. McClure, R. Chianelli, P. Pich and P. J. Sebastian, “Conducting polymer-coated stainless steel bipolar plates for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC),” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, 30 (2005) 1339-1344. [62] S. X. Tan, J. Zhai, M. X. Wan, Q. B. Meng, Y. L. Li, L. Jiang and D. B. Zhu, “Influence of small molecules in conducting polyaniline on the photovoltaic properties of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells,” J. Phys. Chem. B, 108 (2004) 18693-18697. [63] C. J. Brabec, N. S. Sariciftci and J. C. Hummelen, “Plastic solar cells,” Adv. Funct. Mater., 11 (2001) 15-26. [64] T. H. Lin and K. C. Ho, “A complementary electrochromic device based on polyaniline and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene),” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 90 (2006) 506-520. [65] S. W. Hwang and K. C. Ho, “An all-thiophene electrochromic device fabricated with poly(3-methylthiophene) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene),” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 90 (2006) 491-505. [66] J. Y. Wang, C. M. Yu, S. C. Hwang, K. C. Ho and L. C. Chen, “Influence of coloring voltage on the optical performance and cycling stability of a polyaniline-indium hexacyanoferrate electrochromic system,” Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 92 (2008) 112-119. [67] L. K. Povlich, J. Le, J. Kim and D. C. Martin, “Poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) (PDMICA): A melanin-like polymer with unique electrochromic and structural properties,” Macromolecules, 43 (2010) 3770-3774. [68] K. Wakamatsu and S. Ito, “Advanced chemical methods in melanin determination,” Pigm. Cell Res., 15 (2002) 174-183. [69] S. Subianto, G. Will and P. Meredith, “Electrochemical synthesis of melanin free-standing films,” Polymer, 46 (2005) 11505-11509. [70] M. I. N. da Silva, S. N. Deziderio, J. C. Gonzalez, C. F. O. Graeff and M. A. Cotta, “Synthetic melanin thin films: Structural and electrical properties,” J. Appl. Phys., 96 (2004) 5803-5807. [71] M. D. Rubianes and G.A. Rivas, “Highly selective dopamine quantification using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a melanin-type polymer,” Anal. Chim. Acta, 440 (2001) 99-108. [72] G. M. Robinson, E. I. Iwuoha and M. R. Smyth, “Characterisation of electrosynthetic L-dopa-melanin films by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical techniques,” Electrochim. Acta, 43 (1998) 3489-3496. [73] J. Riesz, J. Gilmore and P. Meredith, “Quantitative scattering of melanin solutions,” Biophys. J., 90 (2006) 4137-4144. [74] B. L. L. Seagle, K. A. Rezai, Y. Kobori, E. M. Gasyna, K. A. Rezaei and J. R. Norris, “Melanin photoprotection in the human retinal pigment epithelium and its correlation with light-induced cell apoptosis,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102 (2005) 8978-8983. [75] P. Meredith and J. Riesz, “Radiative relaxation quantum yields for synthetic eumelanin,” Photochem. Photobiol., 79 (2004) 211-216. [76] K. C. Littrell, J. M. Gallas, G. W. Zajac and P. Thiyagarajan, “Structural studies of bleached melanin by synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering,” Photochem. Photobiol., 77 (2003) 115-120. [77] P. Meredith, B. J. Powell, J. Riesz, S. P. Nighswander-Rempel, M. R. Pederson and E. G. Moore, “Towards structure-property-function relationships for eumelanin,” Soft Matter, 2 (2006) 37-44. [78] J. Mcginnes and P. Proctor, “The importance of the fact that melanin is black,” J. Theor. Biol., 39 (1973) 677-678. [79] P. H. Proctor and J. E. McGinness, “The function of melanin,” Arch Dermatol., 122 (1986) 507-508. [80] H. Z. Hill, “The function of melanin or six blind people examine an elephant,” Bioessays, 14 (1992) 49-56. [81] P. Meredith and J. Riesz, “Radiative relaxation quantum yields for synthetic eumelanin,” Photochem. Photobiol., 79 (2004) 211-216. [82] M. d’Ischia, A. Napolitano, A. Pezzella, P. Meredith and T. Sarna, “Chemical and structural diversity in eumelanins: Unexplored bio-optoelectronic materials,” Angew. Chem., Int. Ed, 48 (2009) 3914-3921. [83] R. D. McCullough, “The chemistry of conducting polythiophenes,” Adv. Mater., 10 (1998) 93-116. [84] A. F. Diaz, K. K. Kanazawa and G. P. Gardini, “Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole,” J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 10 (1979) 635-636. [85] F. Jonas, G. Heywang, W. Schmidtberg, J. Heinze and M. Dietrich, “Method of imparting antistatic properties to a substrate by coating the substrate with a novel polythiophene,” U. S. Pat., 5,035,926 (1991). [86] F. Jonas and L. Schrader, “Conductive modifications of polymers with polypyrroles and polythiophenes,” Synth. Met., 41 (1991) 831-836. [87] M. Vazquez, P. Danielsson, J. Bobacka, A. Lewenstam and A. Ivaska, “Solution-cast films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as ion-to-electron transducers in all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes,” Sens. Actuator B-Chem., 97 (2004) 182-189. [88] H. Yamato, M. Ohwa and W. Wernet, “Stability of polypyrrole and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for biosensor application,” J. Electroanal. Chem., 397 (1995) 163-170. [89] S. Fabiano, C. Tran-Minh, B. Piro, L. A. Dang, M. C. Pham and O. Vittori, “Poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene as an entrapment support for amperometric enzyme sensor,” Mater. Sci. Eng. C-Biomimetic Supramol. Syst., 21 (2002) 61-67. [90] G. Heywang and F. Jonas, “Poly(alkylenedioxythiophene)s-new, very stable conducting polymers,” Adv. Mater., 4 (1992) 116-118. [91] J. C. Carlberg and O. Inganas, “Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as electrode material in electrochemical capacitors,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 144 (1997) L61-L64. [92] M. Granstrom, M. Berggren and O. Inganas, “Micrometer- and nanometer-sized polymeric light-emitting diodes,” Science, 267 (1995) 1479-1481. [93] A. Elschner, F. Bruder, H. W. Heuer, F. Jonas, A. Karbach, S. Kirchmeyer, S. Thurm and R. Wehrmann, “PEDT/PSS for efficient hole-injection in hybrid organic light-emitting diodes,” Synth. Met., 111 (2000) 139-143. [94] G. Liang and T. Cui, “Fabrication and characterization of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) field-effect transistors,” Solid-State Electron., 48 (2004) 87-89. [95] Y. Saito, T. Kitamura, Y. Wada and S. Yanagida, “Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as a hole conductor in solid state dye sensitized solar cells,” Synth. Met., 131 (2002) 185-187. [96] Y. Saito, N. Fukuri, R. Senadeera, T. Kitamura, Y. Wada and S. Yanagida, “Solid state dye sensitized solar cells using in situ polymerized PEDOTs as hole conductor,” Electrochem. Commun., 6 (2004) 71-74. [97] G. G. Wallace, G. M. Spinks, L. A. P. Kane-Maguire and P. R. Teasdale, Conductive electroactive polymers, 2nd Ed., CRC Press, NY (2003). [98] L. Groenendaal, G. Zotti, P. H. Aubert, S. M. Waybright and J. R. Reynolds, “Electrochemistry of poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophene) derivatives,” Adv. Mater., 15 (2003) 855-879. [99] D. M. Welsh, A. Kumar, E. W. Meijer and J. R. Reynolds, “Enhanced contrast ratios and rapid switching in electrochromics based on poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) derivatives,” Adv. Mater., 11 (1999) 1379-1382. [100] I. Schwendeman, J. Hwang, D. M. Welsh, D. B. Tanner and J. R. Reynolds, “Combined visible and infrared electrochromism using dual polymer devices,” Adv. Mater., 13 (2001) 634-637. [101] D. M. Welsh, L. J. Kloeppner, L. Madrigal, M. R. Pinto, B. C. Thompson, K. S. Schanze, K. A. Abboud, D. Powell and J. R. Reynolds, “Regiosymmetric dibutyl-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene)s as highly electron-rich electroactive and luminescent polymers,” Macromolecules, 35 (2002) 6517-6525. [102] M. Mastragostino, C. Arbizzani, A. Bongini, G. Barbarella and M. Zambianchi, “Polymer-based electrochromic devices .1. poly(3-methylthiophenes),” Electrochim. Acta, 38 (1993) 135-140. [103] G. Heywang and F. Jonas, “Poly(alkylenedioxythiophene)s—new, very stable conducting polymers,” Adv. Mater., 4 (1992) 116-118. [104] M. Dietrich, J. Heinze, G. Heywang and F. Jonas, “Electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of polyalkylenedioxythiophenes,” J. Electroanal. Chem., 369 (1994) 87-92. [105] Q. Pei, G. Zuccarello, M. Ahlskog and O. Inganas, “Electrochromic and highly stable poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) switches between opaque blue-black and transparent sky blue,” Polymer, 35 (1994) 1347-1351. [106] X. Chen and O. Inganas, “Three-step redox in polythiophenes: Evidence from electrochemistry at an ultramicroelectrode,” J. Phys. Chem., 100 (1996) 15202-15206. [107] H. Randriamahazaka, V. Noel and C. Chevrot, “Nucleation and growth of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) in acetonitrile on platinum under potentiostatic conditions,” J. Electroanal. Chem., 472 (1999) 103-111. [108] L. Niu, C. Kvarnstrom and A. Ivaska, “Mixed ion transfer in redox processes of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene),” J. Electroanal. Chem., 569 (2004) 151-160. [109] S. Timpanaro, M. Kemerink, F. J. Touwslager, M. M. De Kok and S. Schrader, “Morphology and conductivity of PEDOT/PSS films studied by scanning-tunneling microscopy,” Chem. Phys. Lett., 394 (2004) 339-343. [110] F. L. Zhang, A. Gadisa, O. Inganas, M. Svensson and M. R. Andersson, “Influence of buffer layers on the performance of polymer solar cells,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 84 (2004) 3906-3908. [111] C. J. Ko, Y. K. Lin, F. C. Chen and C. W. Chu, “Modified buffer layers for polymer photovoltaic devices,” Appl. Phys. Lett., 90 (2007) 063509-1. [112] J. Y. Kim, J. H. Jung, D. E. Lee and J. Joo, “Enhancement of electrical conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) by a change of solvents,” Synth. Met., 126 (2002) 311-316. [113] J. Ouyang, Q. Xu, C. W. Chu, Y. Yang, G. Li and J. Shinar, “On the mechanism of conductivity enhancement in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film through solvent treatment,” Polymer, 45 (2004) 8443-8450. [114] S. Ghosh and O. Inganas, “Nano-structured conducting polymer network based on PEDOT-PSS,” Synth. Met., 121 (2001) 1321-1322. [115] L. A. A. Pettersson, S. Ghosh and O. Inganas, “Optical anisotropy in thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(4-styrenesulfonate),” Org. Electron., 3 (2002) 143-148. [116] H. J. Snaith, H. Kenrick, M. Chiesa and R. H. Friend, “Morphological and electronic consequences of modifications to the polymer anode PEDOT:PSS,” Polymer, 46 (2005) 2573-2578. [117] H. W. Heuer, R. Wehrmann and S. Kirchmeyer, “Electrochromic window based on conducting poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)poly(styrene sulfonate),” Adv. Funct. Mater., 12 (2002) 89-94. [118] H. W. Heuer and R. Wehrmann, “Electrochromic assembly based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives and a UV-stabilized gel electrolyte,” U. S. Pat., 6,157,479 (2000). [119] H. W. Heuer, R. Wehrmann and a. O. F. Jonas, “Electrochromic device based on poly(3,4-dioxy-thiopene) derivatives,” U. S. Pat., 6,175,441 (2001). [120] H. W. Heuer and R. Wehrmann, “Electrochromic assembly based on poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) derivatives with a counterelectrode containing metal oxides from transition group VI or VIII,” U. S. Pat., 6,323,988 (2001). [121] H. W. Heuer and R. Wehrmann, “Electrochromic Assembly based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives in combination with a kithium niobate counterelectrode,” U. S. Pat., 6,327,070 (2001). [122] H. W. Heuer and R. Wehrmann, “UV-stabilized electrochromic assembly based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives,” U. S. Pat., 6,403,741 (2002). [123] H. W. Heuer and R. Wehrmann, “Electro chromic assembly based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) derivatives in the electrochromic layer and the ion-storage layer,” U. S. Pat., 6,452,711 (2002). [124] H. W. Heuer and R. Wehrmann, “Arrangement based on poly(3,4-dioxythiophene) derivatives which are electrochromically switched with protons,” U. S. Pat., 6,507,428 (2003). [125] 林正嵐, “普魯士藍薄膜電極電化學析鍍與氧化還原行為之研究, ” 國立台灣大學化學工程研究所博士論文, 台北, 台灣 (2002). [126] G. Sauerbrey, “Verwendung von schwingquarzen zur wagung dunner schichten und zur mikrowagung,” Z. Phys. A, 155 (1959) 206-212. [127] C. G. Granqvist, Handbook of inorganic electrochromic materials. New York: Elsevier, 1995. [128] C. M. Amb, A. L. Dyer and J. R. Reynolds, “Navigating the color palette of solution-processable electrochromic polymers,” Chem. Mater., 23 (2011) 397-415. [129] L. J. Banasiak and A. I. Schafer, “Removal of boron, fluoride and nitrate by electrodialysis in the presence of organic matter,” J. Membrane Sci., 334 (2009) 101-109. [130] G. Oradd, L. Edman and A. Ferry, “Diffusion: A comparison between liquid and solid polymer LiTFSI electrolytes,” Solid State Ionics, 131 (2002) 152-153. [131] J. Emseley, “Very strong hydrogen bonds,” Chem. Soc. Rev., 9 (1980) 91-124. [132] L. C. Chen and K. C. Ho, “Design equations for complementary electrochromic devices: Application to the tungsten oxide-prussian blue system,” Electrochimi. Acta, 46 (2001) 2151-2158. [133] 陳林祈, “On the electrochemistry of insertion compounds and their applications in electrochromism, ” 國立台灣大學化學工程研究所博士論文, 台北, 台灣 (2001). [134] C. W. Hu, K. M. Lee, R. Vittal, D. J. Yang and K. C. Ho, “A high contrast hybrid electrochromic device containing PEDOT, heptyl viologen, and radical provider TEMPO,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 140 (2010) 75-78. [135] R. D. Rauh and S. F. Cogan, “Design model for electrochromic windows and application to the WO3/IrO2 System,” J. Electrochem. Soc., 140 (1993) 378-386. [A1] Y. Y. Gao, S. L. Chen, D. X. Cao, G. L. Wang and J. L. Yin, “Electrochemical capacitance of Co3O4 nanowire arrays supported on nickel foam,” J. Power Sources, 195 (2010) 1757-1760. [A2] Y. H. Li, K. L. Huang, Z. F. Yao, S. Q. Liu and X. X. Qing, “Co3O4 thin film prepared by a chemical bath deposition for electrochemical capacitors,” Electrochim. Acta, 56 (2011) 2140-2144. [A3] X. X. Qing, S. Q. Liu, K. L. Huang, K. Z. Lv, Y. P. Yang, Z. U. Lu, D. Fang and X. X. Liang, “Facile synthesis of Co3O4 nanoflowers grown on Ni foam with superior electrochemical performance,” Electrochim. Acta, 56 (2011) 4985-4991. [B1] L. C. Chen and K. C. Ho, “Interpretations of voltammograms in a typical two-electrode cell: Application to complementary electrochromic systems,” Electrochimi. Acta, 46 (2001) 2159-2166. | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65713 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本研究主要針對一新穎導電高分子材料， poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) (PDMICA) 之電化學性質及其與 poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) 搭配之電致色變元件進行探討。
在第一部份 (第四章) 中，利用電化學微量石英震盪天平 (EQCM) 探討 PDMICA 薄膜在四種不同電解質：LiTFSI、LiNO3、LiI、NaNO3 中，陰、陽離子以及水分子進出 PDMICA 薄膜的情形。實驗結果顯示陰離子比陽離子在 PDMICA 薄膜進行氧化還原的過程中扮演更重要的角色，因此，後續針對陰離子以及水分子進出 PDMICA 薄膜的情形做更詳細的探討，並量化出陰離子以及水分子的進出通量，計算出每個 TFSI- 離子會平均攜帶約 14.7 個水分子，而在每個 NO3- 離子會平均攜帶約 3.4 個水分子。 本論文之第二部份 (第四章與第五章) 中，藉由電聚合方法製備 PDMICA 薄膜，並利用循環伏安分析與紫外與可見光譜進行探討。 PDMICA 薄膜在添加 1.0 mM HCl 的 0.1 M LiTFSI 電解質中具有可逆的電致色變行為，其安全操作電位窗範圍為 -0.5 至 0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) 之間，可由 -0.5 V 的透明無色變化至 0.5 V 的綠色，該薄膜在波長為 520 nm 下之最大的穿透度變化及著色效率分別可達到 15% 及 73 cm2/C。此全新之互補式薄膜型電致色變元件由 PDMICA 與 PEDOT 所組成，並達到高對比之效果，其穿透度變化可達 39%。該元件在波長為 583 nm 下之著色效率達到約 372 cm2/C。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | In this research, the main objective is to analyze the electrochemical properties of a novel conducting polymer, poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) (PDMICA), and its electrochromic device assembled with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT).
In the first part (Chapter 4), the transport phenomena of anions, cations, and water molecules through the film of PDMICA was studied in the electrolytes of LiTFSI, LiNO3, LiI, and NaNO3, by means of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), intending to throw more light on its electrochromic behavior. Cations do not affect the ion transport, but anions play an important role during the reduction and oxidation of the film. The molar fluxes of anions and water molecules in the film of PDMICA were estimated for LiTFSI and LiNO3. Besides, the number of accompanying water molecules with TFSI- and NO3-, during the redox switching of PDMICA in LiTFSI and LiNO3 were calculated to be 14.7 and 3.4 per TFSI- and NO3-, respectively. In the second part (Chapter 4 and Chapter 5), PDMICA is prepared by electro-polymerization and investigated using in situ spectro-electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammertry (CV) and UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy. A significant change from transparent (-0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl) to green (0.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and a reversible electrochromic behavior of PDMICA film are observed when the film is performed in an aqueous solution consisting of 0.1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) and 1.0 mM hydrochloric acid (HCl). The maximum transmittance change (∆T) and the coloration efficiency (η) of PDMICA film are 15% and 73 cm2/C, respectively, at 520 nm. The PDMICA thin film and a thin film of PEDOT are chosen as an anode and a cathode, respectively, in a complementary manner to form a film-type electrochromic device (ECD). A remarkable absorbance attenuation of this ECD is observed in the visible region. The maximum ∆T of the ECD gives a value of 39% (@583 nm) when the applied potential for the device is switched between -0.5 and 1.0 V (PDMICA vs. PEDOT); the η of this ECD is estimated to be 372 cm2/C at 583 nm. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-17T00:00:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-R99524017-1.pdf: 4803582 bytes, checksum: 4125aa585a189b0b3e052d2e21a8afd1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 致謝.......................................................I
中文摘要..................................................III Abstract.................................................IV Table of Contents.........................................V List of Tables...........................................IX List of Figures...........................................X Nomenclatures...........................................XVI Chapter 1 Introduction...................................1 1.1. Preface..............................................1 1.2. History and Application of Electrochromism...........2 1.3. Categorization of Electrochromic Materials...........9 1.4. Categorization of Electrochromic Devices............11 1.4.1. Solution Type.....................................13 1.4.2. Thin-film Type....................................14 1.4.3. Hybrid Type.......................................15 Chapter 2 Literature Review and Research Motivation.....18 2.1. Conducting Polymers.................................18 2.1.1. Introduction......................................18 2.1.2. Conducting Mechanism..............................19 2.1.2.1. Band Theory.....................................20 2.1.2.2. Conduction Mechanism of Conducting Polymers.....23 2.1.3. Development and Application of Conducting Polymers.................................................24 2.2. Poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid), PDMICA.27 2.2.1. Introduction......................................27 2.2.2.Electro-optical Behaviors of PDMICA................31 2.3. Polythiophene and Its Derivatives...................33 2.3.1. Introduction......................................33 2.3.2. Development of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT....................................................36 2.3.3. Electro-optical Behaviors of PEDOT................38 2.3.4. Electro-optical Behaviors of Derivatives of PEDOT.38 2.4. Motivation and Research Objectives..................41 Chapter 3 Experimental..................................43 3.1. Instruments.........................................43 3.2. Materials and Reagents..............................44 3.3. Experimental Methods................................46 3.3.1. Preparation of Conducting Glasses.................46 3.3.2. Preparation of Electrochromic Layers..............46 3.3.2.1. PDMICA..........................................46 3.3.2.2. PEDOT...........................................46 3.3.3. Fabrication of Electrochromic Devices.............47 3.4. Measurements and Analysis...........................47 3.4.1. Electrochemical Analysis of Materials and ECDs....47 3.4.1.1. Electrochemical Analysis for Electrochromic Materials - Three-electrode System.......................47 3.4.1.2. Electrochemical Analysis for Electrochromic Materials - Two-electrode System.........................48 3.4.2. UV-vis Spectrophotometric Analysis of Materials and ECDs.....................................................49 3.4.3. EQCM Analysis of Electrochromic Layers............52 3.4.3.1. Preparation of the film on the Pt-coated quartz crystal..................................................52 3.4.3.2. In situ mass change of the film during the potential cycling of its electrode.......................53 3.4.4. Scanning electron microscopy......................56 3.4.5. Optimization of the performance of an ECD.........56 3.4.5.1. Optimization of the performance of an ECD based on the charge capacity ratio................................57 3.4.5.2. Optimization of the performance of an ECD based on the charge capacity ratio on theoretical calculations....57 Chapter 4 Characterization of Materials.................58 4.1. Electrochromic Properties of PDMICA Thin Films......58 4.1.1. Cyclic Voltammetry................................58 4.1.1.1. Cyclic Voltammetry of a PDMICA thin film........58 4.1.1.2. Cyclic Voltammetry of a PDMICA thin film in two stages of redox potential windows........................60 4.1.1.3. Effect of protons of a PDMICA thin film.........63 4.1.1.4. Electrochemical stability and spectral property of a PDMICA-electrode in various electrolytes...............65 4.1.2. UV-Visible Spectroscopy...........................68 4.1.3. In situ transmittance response....................69 4.1.4. Coloration Efficiency.............................73 4.1.5. EQCM Analysis.....................................75 4.1.5.1. Different methods for the deposition of thin films of PDMICA................................................75 4.1.5.2. Ion exchange....................................75 4.1.5.3. Anion effect....................................81 4.1.5.4. In situ study of mass change of PDMICA..........82 4.2. Electrochromic Properties of PEDOT Thin Films.......88 4.2.1. Cyclic Voltammetry................................88 4.2.2. UV-Visible Spectroscopy...........................89 4.2.3. Coloration Efficiency.............................90 Chapter 5 Characterization of Electrochromic Devices....92 5.1. Cyclic Voltammogram of PDMICA/PEDOT-ECDs............92 5.2. Optical Properties of PDMICA/PEDOT-ECDs.............93 5.3. Optimization of the performance of a PDMICA/PEDOT-ECD Based on Its Charge Capacity Ratio.......................94 5.3.1. Performances of PDMICA/PEDOT-ECDs.................94 5.4. Optimization of the performance of a PDMICA/PEDOT-ECD Based on Theoretical Calculations.......................101 5.4.1. Performances of PDMICA/PEDOT-ECDs................101 5.5. Coloration Efficiency of the PDMICA/PEDOT-ECD......104 Chapter 6 Conclusions and Suggestions..................106 6.1. Conclusions........................................106 6.1.1. The Electrochromic Properties of PDMICA and PDMICA/PEDOT-ECD........................................106 6.1.2. The Ion Transport of Electrochromic PDMICA.......106 6.2. Suggestions........................................107 Chapter 7 References...................................108 Appendix A Capacitance Behavior of PDMICA Films........119 A.1. Capacitance of PDMICA..............................119 A.2. References.........................................127 Appendix B Derivation of the Theoretical Equation for ECD.....................................................128 B.1. Derivation of the Theoretical Equation Used to Fabricate the ECD with Better Step Response.............128 B.2. Reference..........................................132 Appendix C Profile of Author...........................133 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) (PDMICA) | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 電容值 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 著色效率 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 電致色變 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 電化學微量石英震盪天平(EQCM) | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 離子傳輸 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | poly(5 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Coloration efficiency | en |
| dc.subject | electrochromic | en |
| dc.subject | 6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) | en |
| dc.subject | poly(5 | en |
| dc.subject | ion transport | en |
| dc.subject | electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance | en |
| dc.title | 導電高分子PDMICA薄膜之光電性質及其電致色變元件應用 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | On the Electro-Optical Properties of PDMICA Thin Film and Its Application to Electrochromic Devices | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 周澤川(Tse-Chuan Chou),楊明長(Ming-Chang Yang),廖英志(Ying-Chih Liao) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 電容值,著色效率,電致色變,電化學微量石英震盪天平(EQCM),離子傳輸,poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid) (PDMICA), | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Coloration efficiency,electrochromic,electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance,ion transport,poly(5,6-dimethoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid), | en |
| dc.relation.page | 135 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2012-07-16 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 化學工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 化學工程學系 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-101-1.pdf 未授權公開取用 | 4.69 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。