劃設太平島海洋保護區之可行性分析：以東沙環礁國家公園模式為基礎的考察

Abstract

海洋環境保護為近代重要議題，並已蔚為國際趨勢；目前通認建立「海洋保護區」為保護海洋之有效手段，惟國際上尚未建立一致之法規範架構。建立「海洋保護區」亦為國家於《聯合國海洋法公約》得行使之權利及主權展現之行為。鑑於我國太平島因《南海仲裁案》躍上國際版面，不只太平島之主權歸屬引起討論，國際社會亦注意到太平島海域生態環境之保護重要性；是以，本論文欲探討對太平島建立海洋保護區之可行性，並引用東沙環礁國家公園此前例為考察對象。 本論文於建立國際法上對於「海洋保護區」之大致法規範架構及實踐情形，作為國際保護海洋之大環境背景後，分別介紹國際海事組織及聯合國糧農組織關於「海洋保護區」之定義及相關準則：並選定迄今相對完整、由國際自然保護聯盟訂定之「海洋保護區」設立及管理相關準則進行進一步探討，為國際法上「海洋保護區」概念描繪更清晰藍圖。 爾後，本論文就國內法關於「海洋保護區」之法規範架構及實踐情形，進行整體檢視及分析；接著，以與太平島海域環境及生態資源相近之東沙環礁國家公園為例，深入檢視其設立、管理狀況，考察太平島仿東沙環礁國家公園模式設立海洋保護區之可能性。 最後，本文歸納太平島以東沙環礁國家公園模式設立海洋保護區時，於國內法及國際法下應進行之方向及管理重點，並提出建議，期能對國內「海洋保護區」相關法規建置及太平島生態保護略有貢獻。

The marine environmental protection has become an important topic in modern times and has become an international trend. Currently, establishing “Marine Protected Area (MPA)” has been recognized as an effective method for marine environmental protection; however, an unanimous legal system for MPA has not been established yet. Establishing MPA is not only excercising a legal right under United Nations Convention on the Law Of the Sea but also a sovereignty behavior. Considering the Taiping Island was discussed widely among the international society due to the South China Sea Arbitration case, which put not only sovereignty issue but also the importance of environmental protection of Taiping Island under the spotlight, this thesis would like to discuss the possibility of establishing an Taiping Island MPA and use the previously-established Dongsha National Park as reference. To serve as the backgound, this thesis firstly establishes the general picture and practice of the MPA in international laws. This thesis continues to introduce MPA-related definition and guidelines published or launched by Internationl Maritime Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and then this thesis chooses the comparatively complete MPA-related establishing and managing guidelines published by International Union for Conservation of Nature for conducting further analysis in order to portray a clearer picture for MPA in international laws. The thesis subsequently conducts overall review and analysis on MPA-related legal framework and practices under Taiwan laws. The thesis chooses the Dongsha National Park, the marine environment and living sources of which are similar to Taiping Islane, for conducting further analysis on its establishement and management in order to see the possibility and feasibility of establishing the Taiping Island MPA under the same module. In the end, this thesis summarizes the direction and management key issues when establishing the Taiping Island MPA under Dongsha National Park module and the international laws. This thesis also present recommendations and suggestions in the hope of helping establish Taiwan MPA-related legal framework and the environmental protection of the Taiping Island.