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標題: | 醫院廢水與環境水體中抗腫瘤與免疫調節劑檢測技術建立之研究 The occurrence of antineoplastic and immunomodulation agents in hospital wastewaters and surface waters |
作者: | Kuan-Chieh Wang 王冠傑 |
指導教授: | 林郁真 |
關鍵字: | 抗腫瘤與免疫調節劑,固相萃取,液相層析串聯式質譜儀,河川水體,醫院廢水,汙水廠進流水,汙水廠放流水, Antineoplastic and immunomodulation agents,Solid phase extraction (SPE),HPLC-MS/MS,River sample,Hospital wastewater,WWTP influents and effluent, |
出版年 : | 2012 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 本研究針對九種抗腫瘤與免疫調節劑(cyclophosphamide、ifosfamide、methotrexate、vindesine、vinorelbine、vinblastine、vincristine、paclitaxel和5-fluorouracil)進行分析調查。首先針對這九種抗腫瘤與免疫調節劑進行所有相關的資料收集,進而推估其環境中之濃度。由於推估環境中抗腫瘤與免疫調節劑很微量,所以須建立固相萃取搭配液相層析串聯式質譜儀的分析方法,並完成方法確效的步驟。
本研究針對這九種化合物建立了兩種分析方法。分別使用Oasis MAX 和ENVI-Carb/NH2萃取匣將微量的目標化合物濃縮淨化500倍及125倍,經由液相層析串聯式質譜儀15分鐘的分析後,再將數據再經同位素內部標準品的校正定量。 總體來說,在去離子水、河川水體、醫院廢水和汙水處理廠放流水中方法偵測極限分別為0.2-1、0.2-5、0.8-10、0.8-10 ng/L。絕對回收率在去離子水、河川水體和醫院廢水分別為39-101%、56-106%、44-95%,並且所有的相對標準差在12%以內。相對回收率分別為93-110%、92-108%、94-109%,並且所有的相對標準差在11%以內。由此可知,這兩種方法的靈敏度、準確度和精準度皆甚佳。 利用此方法調查大台北地區新店溪、大漢溪、各大醫院廢水及迪化汙水處理廠的流佈資料。調查的結果發現在新店溪與大漢溪流域中,cyclophosphamide、ifosfamide和5-fluorouracil為主要的汙染物,濃度最高分別可達12.9、8.9和69.3 ng/L,且濃度較高的採樣點和附近大型醫院的放流點有相當程度的關係。在醫院廢水中幾乎都可以測到這三種化合物,濃度最高分別可達1169、88.5和1477 ng/L,部分醫院廢水中也可以測到methotrexate和paclitaxel,濃度最高分別可達298和12.5 ng/L。同樣地,在迪化汙水處理廠的進流水與放流水中,cyclophosphamide、ifosfamide和5-fluorouracil為主要的汙染物,在進流水中的濃度分別為12.0、8.3和281 ng/L,在放流水的濃度分別為15.2、10.4和80.0 ng/L。其中cyclophosphamide和ifosfamide經過汙水處理廠的處理後,濃度不會降低,僅5-fluorouracil能部分(約72%)被汙水處理廠所去除。 This study investigated the occurrence of antineoplastic and immunomodulation agents (cyclophosphamide、ifosfamide、methotrexate、vindesine、vinorelbine、vinblastine、vincristine、paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil) in hospital wastewaters, a domestic wastewater treatment plant(WWTP) and its receiving rivers. Base on the government statistic data and literature researches of consumptions, urinary excretion rates, and WWTP removal rates, we can predict the environmental concentrations of these compounds. We established two solid phase extraction (SPE) and High-performance liquid chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) methods to analyze these nine antineoplastic and immunomodulation agents in low concentrations. The two cartridge we used are Oasis MAX and ENVI-Carb/NH2 and concentrated 500 and 125 times, respectively. After 17 minutes analyze by HPLC-MS/MS, we quantified the data by isotope dilution quantification. The overall method detection limit (MDL) are 0.2-1, 0.2-5, 0.8-10 and 0.8-10 ng/L in milli-Q water, river water, hospital wastewater and in WWTP effluent, respectively. The absolute recovery are 39-101%, 56-106% and 44-95% in milli-Q water, river water and hospital wastewater, all the relative standard deviations are under 12% . The relative recovery are 93-110%, 92-108%, 94-109%, all the relative standard deviations are under 14%. The sensitivity, accuracy , precision are all very good. We used these two methods to investigate the occurrence and found that cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and 5-fluorouracil are the major constituents in Shindian and Dahan River, Taipei, Taiwan. In river samples, the maximum concentration of cyclophosphamide is 12.9 ng/L, ifosfamide is 8.9 ng/L and 5-fluorouracil is 69.3 ng/L. These high concentration sampling sites are related to the nearby hospital wastewater effluents. In hospital wastewater samples, the maximum concentration of cyclophosphamide is 1169 ng/L, ifosfamide is 88.5 ng/L and 5-fluorouracil is 1477 ng/L. Some hospital wastewaters can also find methotrexate and Paclitaxel, and their maximum concentrations are 297 and 12.5 ng/L. In WWTP influents and effluents, cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide and 5-fluorouracil are still the major constituents. In influent sample, the following concentrations are 12.0, 8.3 and 281 ng/L; while in effluent sample, the following concentrations are 15.2, 10.4 and 80.0 ng/L. As a result, WWTP cannot treat cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide, but can treat 5-fluorouracil up to 72%. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65605 |
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顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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