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標題: | 飛航紀錄器水下定位研究 Study on Underwater Positioning of Flight Recorder |
作者: | Wen-Yang Liu 劉文暘 |
指導教授: | 陳琪芳 |
關鍵字: | 飛航紀錄器,高斯波束方程式,音傳損耗,水下定位,偵測距離, flight recorder,Gaussian Beam Model (GBM),transmission loss,underwater positioning,detection range, |
出版年 : | 2020 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 飛機上有一種航電設備稱為飛航紀錄器(Flight Recorder),俗稱「黑盒子」。它記錄著每趟飛行任務的過程,如果飛機掉入湖泊或海中,飛航紀錄器上有一顆水下定位發報器(Underwater Locator Beacon, ULB),ULB 只要接觸到水就會觸發頻率 37.5 kHz 的超音波,可持續發射 30 天的訊號。協助搜救的打撈船會在飛機失事的海域規劃測線,利用全向性水下麥克風沿線收集聲音訊號強度,並利用收集的資訊整理出飛航紀錄器的可能位置,再由打撈的廠商使用ROV進行目視的確認進而開始打撈作業,過程十分耗時且人力與金錢成本不小。為協助判定與確認飛航紀錄器位置,縮短定位及打撈時間,本研究透過運安會提供107年2月5日空勤總隊黑鷹直昇機於蘭嶼外海發生飛航事故的搜救資訊,使用高斯波束方程式(Gaussian Beam Model,GBM)為基礎架構,給予合適的初始聲源條件進行模擬,藉此觀察音傳損耗(Transmission Loss, TL)的計算結果,模擬結果與飛航紀錄器實際位置相近。從現在開始出廠的飛機之飛航紀錄器除原本標配頻率為37.5 kHz之水下定位發報器,需要另外添加配備頻率為8.8 kHz之水下定位發報器,增加飛機失事時的可搜索範圍。本研究比較了這兩種頻率之水下定位發報器在臺灣四周海域的偵測距離,可以發現新添加之8.8 kHz水下定位發報器對減少搜索和救援所需的時間很有幫助。 A flight recorder is installed on each airplane, which is called as “black box”, and it records the process every flight. Thus, if the airplane crashes and plumps into water, the underwater locater beacon (ULB) will be activated and emited supersonic sound at 37.5 kHz for 30 days. The rescue team will do their best to plot track, use omi-directional hydrophone to detect the signal emitted from ULB, and derive the possible location of ULB with the acoustic reception of ULB and other flight information before crashing. When possible locations of ULB are determined, the chartered vessel would go around these locations with ROV to confirm the site and start to salvage the ULB. This salvage process is very costly and time consuming. We utilize underwater acoustic detecting simulation to enhance the search process, which is to identify the location with acoustic data assimilation and transmission loss simulation. The ULB of NA-706 Black Hawk Helicopter in the tragedy in February, 2018, was salvaged successfully and the location is close to the estimated location based on the scheme of the acoustic data assimilation and transmission loss simulation proposed in this paper. Recently, the aircraft manufactured needs to be equipped with a 8.8 kHz flight recorder. This study compares the detection ranges of these two types of flight recorders. It can be found that the detection range of 8.8 kHz is larger and be helpful to reduce the time required for search and rescue. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/65183 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202000541 |
全文授權: | 有償授權 |
顯示於系所單位: | 工程科學及海洋工程學系 |
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ntu-109-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 9.89 MB | Adobe PDF |
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