開放政府資料之推動策略研究-英國、美國與台灣之比較

Abstract

在開放政府與資料運用風潮之下，國際上先進民主國家紛紛開啟開放政府資料(Open Government Data)計畫，結合資訊公開帶來的透明化、效率化，以及產業界蓬勃的能量，開啟了新的機會大門，在實現許多創新的運用價值同時，也帶來許多新挑戰。 本研究探討我國與國外經驗之開放政府資料策略與實際作為，統整相關研究與發展現況，提出開放政府資料之價值主張，包括經濟面之政府效能、創新經濟，以及社會面之民生資訊以及民主責任。並發展價值中心策略地圖，比較我國與外國經驗落差，探討政府政策目標對策略之影響。提倡正視開放政府資料之本質，平衡發展各層面價值，並輔以適當之推行與執行規劃。 英國與美國為國際間較早發展政府開放資料、也發展得較為成熟的國家。其中英國致力達到政府透明度領先全球、並成為第一個公開豐富政府資料以提升公部門效能與推動成長的指標性國家。而美國則以開放政府計畫為其開放政府資料策略之核心，圍繞實現開放透明之精神進行規劃。不論英國或美國，都由中央高層帶領，以積極推廣開放透明之政府文化為基礎，設定具體策略方向與時程規劃，使開放政府資料內化為預設之作業流程(Open by Default)。同時亦注重廣納外界之意見與需求，統整建立全國性開放資料平台，持續推動更多的開放資料以增進政府運作透明與資訊運用價值。 相對於英美在開放政府的前提之下推動開放政府資料，著重開放資料對於增進政府運作透明、落實問責等民主責任面價值，我國之政府開放資料被視為挖掘政府資訊加值得利機會之一環。過度聚集於資訊加值，而忽略開放資料本身，以及其相應之開放精神與平衡之價值發展，因此在策略上應有借鏡檢討並修正之空間。 關鍵字:開放資料;政府推動策略

Under the worldwide trend of Open Government and Value-added data reuse, governments around the world had started their Open Government Data initiatives. The movement aims to achieve the transparency and efficiency enabled by open data, and also the innovative energy it brings to the industry. Along with all these new opportunities, there are many new challenges faced by the government as well. The study focused on the strategic and practical perspective of open government data. Based on the international comparison and analysis, the study develop the value-centric strategy map, and identify the value proposition of open government data in four perspective, that is, government efficiency, innovation and economic growth, informed citizen life, and democracy and accountability. The study also discussed about how government strategies differ under different government policy goal, and proposed a strategy map to achieved balanced social and economic value. Open government data in UK and USA are relatively well-developed. The UK government is trying to achieve unprecedented transparency and efficiency of the public sector through open government data. Meanwhile, the USA government also considers open government data as the core of open government. Both governments showed great leadership to set specific action plan, establish the national open data platform and gradually transform their agencies with an open by default attitude. Instead of UK and USA, where open government data movement is part of achieving an open government, the Taiwan government see open government data as another opportunity to harvest the economic value of government information assets. As a result, the Taiwan government focused only on the value-added reuse of government data, and open data itself and other social value behind it were relatively neglected. Therefore the study made several suggestions to close the gap and better realize the value of open government data. key words:open data;government strategy