中共對臺統戰宣傳之話語分析（1949 至 2019 年）

Abstract

中共自1949年建政以來，迄今臺灣歷經逾70年之中共五代領導人的各項文攻武嚇以及統戰政策，從過去的毛澤東時期的「武力解放臺灣」、「和平解放臺灣」、「一個中國三段論」；鄧小平時期的「和平統一」、「一國兩制」；江澤民時期的「一個中國新三段論」、「江八點」；胡錦濤時期的「兩岸關係和平發展」、「反分裂國家法」以及習近平時期的「九二共識」、「融合發展」。皆在在顯示中共對於臺灣的統戰動作越來越彈性與細緻，過去文攻武嚇及「和戰兩手策略」的手法，已然不足以說明中共對臺灣的野心，漸進式地將兩岸在政治、經濟、社會、文化等各項層面進行交流、融合，透過收買臺灣人心更成為中共現階段的主要操作手段，試圖透過釋放大量的惠臺政策達到其最終「和平統一」之結果。 因此，本研究認為要瞭解中共「如何看待臺灣」與「如何統戰臺灣」，得從中共對臺統戰宣傳的「語言系統」著手，由中共對臺的政策、重大事件或是重要官員的公開講話等的「話語事件」中一一進行解析，並將「中共對臺統戰宣傳如何發展與建構」、「中共對臺統戰宣傳之話語內涵與意義為何」以及「臺灣如何面對中共之統戰宣傳」，此三項問題意識作為本論文的核心研究。 是故，本研究以政治傳播理論為經，以話語分析理論為緯，意即以政治傳播理論為研究途徑，蒐集中共對臺統戰宣傳相關的「話語事件」，尤其是其「統戰宣傳的內容」；而話語分析理論則為研究方法，透過話語分析理論分析蒐集而來的「話語事件」，進而交織構成中共對臺統戰宣傳的「完整地圖」。 然由於話語分析理論本身在社會科學領域並未提供一套具有系統性的分析方法，因此本研究採用「話語的歷時分析」作為文本與社會實踐脈絡的釐清，意即剖析各項話語事件中的話語結構、意涵以及前後的互文關係；再以「話語的共時分析」歸納歷時分析中相關聯的話語事件，分析歸納出中共統戰宣傳中不同層次的話語或語境。最後再綜合「歷時分析」與「共時分析」的話語事件及其話語進行「話語的定性分析」，將中共各項話語事件及話語做出「柔性」、「中性」與「剛性」的分析和歸納，並從中揭示中共對臺統戰宣傳的過去、現在以及未來可能的發展脈絡及其政治訊號。

Ever since the CCP's government established in 1949, Taiwan has experienced the threats through the media campaign and arms deterrent, together with the United Front Policy as carrot and stick by five generations of the communist leader. Starting from Mao's policy, Deng's policy, Jiang's policy, Hu's policy to Xi's policy, all of them shows their UF action can be more and more flexible and delicate. However, these tactics, the media campaign and arms deterrent, and their War and Peace as good cop/bad cop strategy are no longer practical to fulfill the CCP's goal. They have changed their primary strategy to buying off Taiwanese people and progressively infiltrate into different levels of cross-strait, such as politics, economic, social, society, and culture, through communication and infusion. Their ultimate ambition is trying to attain the Peaceful reunification by giving abound of Benefit Taiwan Policy. Therefore, this thesis uses the political communication theory as the longitude and language system as the latitude to draw a 'Comprehensive map of the United Front Propaganda (UFP) from the CCP to Taiwan.' This map will use political communication theory as the study path by collecting the relevant ' Discourse Events ' (DEs) from the UF Propagandan of the CCP to Taiwan, especially the context of UFP.' Further, the language system will be the study method in this thesis to analyze the collected 'DEs.' Furthermore, because of the discourse analysis theory has given a systematic analysis method, in this thesis, 'Diachronically analysis of discourse' is selected to demonstrate the connection between this research and the social practice, particularly the structure of the DEs, the connotation meanings of intertextuality context. By using the 'Synchronic discourse analysis' method from the Diachronically analysis, the most relevant discourse can study and formulate the different levels of meaning and tones from the UFP. At last, by combining the 'Diachronically analysis' and 'Synchronic analysis' DEs' results with their 'Qualitative analysis of discourse,' it can systematically sort the discourses events of the CCP and their discourses into 'Weak,' 'Neutral' and 'Strong.' With those studies, the past, present, and the future's possibility of developments and political signal of the UFP from the CCP to Taiwan can be revealed and answered.