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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 萬本儒(Ben-Zu Wan) | |
dc.contributor.author | You-Yu Shen | en |
dc.contributor.author | 沈宥余 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T23:10:00Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2014-12-31 | |
dc.date.copyright | 2012-08-07 | |
dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2012-08-03 | |
dc.identifier.citation | [1] 'Kyoto Protocol,' United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Dec 2007.
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Hwang, 'Pretreatment efficiency and structural characterization of rice straw by an integrated process of dilute-acid and steam explosion for bioethanol production,' Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, pp. 2916-2924, Feb 2011. [11] W.-H. Chen, Y.-Y. Xu, W.-S. Hwang, and J.-B. Wang, 'Pretreatment of rice straw using an extrusion/extraction process at bench-scale for producing cellulosic ethanol,' Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, pp. 10451-10458, Nov 2011. [12] G. Marcotullio and W. De Jong, 'Chloride ions enhance furfural formation from D-xylose in dilute aqueous acidic solutions,' Green Chemistry, vol. 12, pp. 1739-1746, 2010. [13] 蘇美惠、黃佳慧、張明仁、左峻德, '從能源環境與成本效益探討本土酒精能源作物之發展潛力,' 台灣經濟研究院, 2011. [14] M. S. Krishnan, Ho, N. W. Y., Tsao, G. T., 'Fermentation kinetics of ethanol production from glucose and xylose by recombinant Saccharomyces 1400(pLNH33),' Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, vol. 77-9, pp. 373-388, 1999. [15] F. K. Agbogbo and K. S. Wenger, 'Production of ethanol from corn stover hemicellulose hydrolyzate using Pichia stipitis,' Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology, vol. 34, pp. 723-727, Nov 2007. [16] J. Ko, W.-J. Su, I. L. Chien, D.-M. Chang, S.-H. Chou, and R.-Y. Zhan, 'Dynamic modeling and analyses of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process to produce bio-ethanol from rice straw,' Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, vol. 33, pp. 195-205, Feb 2010. [17] M. Hino and K. Arata, 'Solid Catalysts Treated with Anions - Synthesis of Solid Superacid Catalyst with Acid Strength of H0 Less-than-or-Equal-to -16.04,' Journal of the Chemical Society-Chemical Communications, pp. 851-852, 1980. [18] O. Yemis and G. Mazza, 'Acid-catalyzed conversion of xylose, xylan and straw into furfural by microwave-assisted reaction,' Bioresource Technology, vol. 102, pp. 7371-7378, Aug 2011. [19] J. Zhang, J. Zhuang, L. Lin, S. Liu, and Z. Zhang, 'Conversion of D-xylose into furfural with mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-41 as catalyst and butanol as the extraction phase,' Biomass & Bioenergy, vol. 39, pp. 73-77, Apr 2012. [20] I. Agirrezabal-Telleria, J. Requies, M. B. Gueemez, and P. L. Arias, 'Pore size tuning of functionalized SBA-15 catalysts for the selective production of furfural from xylose,' Applied Catalysis B-Environmental, vol. 115, pp. 169-178, Apr 5 2012. [21] M. M. Antunes, S. Lima, A. Fernandes, M. Pillinger, M. F. Ribeiro, and A. A. Valente, 'Aqueous-phase dehydration of xylose to furfural in the presence of MCM-22 and ITQ-2 solid acid catalysts,' Applied Catalysis a-General, vol. 417, pp. 243-252, Feb 29 2012. [22] E. Lam, E. Majid, A. C. W. Leung, J. H. Chong, K. A. Mahmoud, and J. H. T. Luong, 'Synthesis of Furfural from Xylose by Heterogeneous and Reusable Nafion Catalysts,' Chemsuschem, vol. 4, pp. 535-541, 2011. [23] E. Lam, J. H. Chong, E. Majid, Y. Liu, S. Hrapovic, A. C. W. Leung, and J. H. T. Luong, 'Carbocatalytic dehydration of xylose to furfural in water,' Carbon, vol. 50, pp. 1033-1043, Mar 2012. [24] K. A. Mauritz and R. B. Moore, 'State of understanding of Nafion,' Chemical Reviews, vol. 104, pp. 4535-4585, Oct 2004. [25] M. A. Harmer, W. E. Farneth, and Q. Sun, 'High surface area nafion resin/silica nanocomposites: A new class of solid acid catalyst,' Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol. 118, pp. 7708-7715, Aug 21 1996. [26] T. vom Stein, P. M. Grande, W. Leitner, and P. D. de Maria, 'Iron-Catalyzed Furfural Production in Biobased Biphasic Systems: From Pure Sugars to Direct Use of Crude Xylose Effluents as Feedstock,' Chemsuschem, vol. 4, pp. 1592-1594, 2011 2011. [27] S. Jin and H. Chen, 'Near-infrared analysis of the chemical composition of rice straw,' Industrial Crops and Products, vol. 26, pp. 207-211, Aug 2007. [28] 廖春梅, '生質酒精之經濟效益分析,' 臺灣銀行季刊, vol. 第六十一卷, 2010. [29] J. G. Salway, Medical Biochemistry at a Glance: Blackwell, 2006. [30] A. Bekatorou, C. Psarianos, and A. A. Koutinas, 'Production of food grade yeasts,' Food Technology and Biotechnology, vol. 44, pp. 407-415, Jul-Sep 2006. [31] N. H. M. Holder, Kilian, S. G., Dupreez, J. C., 'Yeast Biomass from Bagasse Hydrolysates,' Biological Wastes, vol. 28, pp. 239-246, 1989. [32] 陳文恆、郭家倫、黃文松、王嘉寶, '纖維酒精技術之發展,' 農業生技產業季刊, vol. 9, pp. 62-69, 2007. [33] F. Carrasco and C. Roy, 'KINETIC-STUDY OF DILUTE-ACID PREHYDROLYSIS OF XYLAN-CONTAINING BIOMASS,' Wood Science and Technology, vol. 26, pp. 189-208, Mar 1992. [34] B. Girisuta, L. P. B. M. Janssen, and H. J. Heeres, 'A kinetic study on the decomposition of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into levulinic acid,' Green Chemistry, vol. 8, pp. 701-709, 2006. [35] K. Masters., Spray dryer handbook, 2008. [36] R. S. Gavin Towler, Chemical Engineering Design Principles, Practice and Economics of Plant and Process Design, 2008. [37] 'ICE Futures Europe Monthly Utility Markets Report,' ICE Futures Europe, June 2012. [38] M. A. Harmer, Q. Sun, A. J. Vega, W. E. Farneth, A. Heidekum, and W. F. Hoelderich, 'Nafion resin-silica nanocomposite solid acid catalysts. Microstructure-processing-property correlations,' Green Chemistry, vol. 2, pp. 7-14, Feb 2000. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64954 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 本研究共分為兩個部分,第一部分是以纖維酒精的製程為基礎,結合了化工程序設計的概念,發展出三種專門生產纖維酒精、葡萄糖與單細胞蛋白質的製程(Process(A)-(C)),並以經濟、節約碳排放與替代一般糧食的觀點,來評估生產纖維酒精、葡萄糖、單細胞蛋白質何者具有最佳的市場競爭力。
本研究中的纖維酒精製程是以稻草作為原料,經過稀酸水解及蒸氣爆裂與酵素水解等前處理後,分別產生葡萄糖與木糖溶液。葡萄糖溶液隨後與啤酒酵母菌(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)發酵產生酒精及酵母菌,或直接做成葡萄糖粉末。木糖溶液則分別與比齊菌(Pichia stipites)及產朊假絲酵母(Candida utilis)進行發酵,產生酒精與更多的酵母菌。酒精經由蒸餾而純化。酵母菌與葡萄糖則經由乾燥及蒸發製作成單細胞蛋白質(Single cell protein, SCP)與葡萄糖粉末。 經本研究發現該纖維酒精的製程過於繁瑣,導致設備成本過高,且酒精產率過低,因此其生產成本遠遠高於一般之市場價格,但是酵母菌則具市場競爭力。酵母菌中含豐富蛋白質、胺基酸與多種維生素,平時可做飼料,飢荒時則可做食物來源。 木糖與葡萄糖溶液,除了經由發酵做成酒精或酵母菌之外,也可嘗試經由其他程序發展出具有市場潛力的產品,因此本研究第二部分是研究如何製備固體酸觸媒催化木糖行脫水反應以獲得高純度糠醛(Furfural)。由於糠醛是相當重要的工業原料,常被用來進行其他下游產物的製備,也常被作為溶劑。本研究嘗試以溶膠凝膠法(Sol-gel method)載附全氟酸樹脂Nafion於非結晶態的二氧化矽,以催化木糖脫水產生糠醛。經過元素分析儀(EA)、熱重分析儀(TGA)、掃描式電子顯微鏡(SEM)與X-ray粉末繞射儀(XRD)的分析鑑定後證明Nafion的確被載附於二氧化矽中。在活性測試方面,發現當系統中的有機相/水相體積比不同時,其反應活性也隨之改變,而在有機相/水相的體積比為4/1時具有最佳的產率,且在添加觸媒後,反應活性能得到提升,但是該固體酸仍低於硫酸的催化活性。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The content of this study is divided into two parts: (1) Evaluation of three different processes for producing ethanol, glucose and single cell protein (SCP), respectively, from the view point of economy, environmental protection and alternative food of human. (2) Exploring a way to prepare solid-acid catalysts for catalyzing dehydration of xylose, and, therefore, high-purity furfural.
Based on the evaluation, it is found that the process for producing ethanol is not effiecient; therefore, the cost is high. On the other hand, SCP is more competitive owing to its simpler process as compared to ethanol. Meanwhile, SCP is full of protein, amino acid and various vatamins, which can be used as an alternative food during famine. Except ethanol, glucose and SCP, more products can be produced from glucose and xylose solution, such as furfural. Furfural is produced from dehydration of xylose. This chemical possesses diverse applications in the industry. In the second part of the research, the main objective is to prepare solid-acid catalysts for catalyzing dehydration of xylose. Nafion, a type of acid catalyst and ion exchange resin,was loaded on amorphous silica through sol-gel method and used it as the catalyst for producing furfural. From the characterizations, by using EA, TGA, SEM and XRD, it is evident that Nafion has been supported on silica. From the test of catalytic activity in a water/toluene two phases reaction system, the following results were obtained: (1) The activity changed with the volumetric ratio of water to toluene. The yield is highest as the ratio is 1 to 4. (2) The catalytic activity can be effectively increased by Nafion. However, the activity improvement is still lower than that with the presence of sulfuric acid. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T23:10:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-R99524080-1.pdf: 3749057 bytes, checksum: 4d5c6189b71536bb5488a08b3bc1e8a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 誌謝 I
摘要 II Abstract III 圖索引 X 表索引 XII 第一章 緒論 1 1-1 研究背景與發展 1 1-1-1 生質酒精之研究背景與發展 1 1-1-2 糠醛生產之研究背景與發展 7 1-2 研究動機與目的 8 第二章 文獻回顧 9 2-1 生質酒精之文獻回顧 9 2-2 木糖脫水生成糠醛之文獻回顧 9 2-2-1 液體酸 9 2-2-2 固體酸 10 2-2-2-1 沸石(Zeolite) 10 2-2-2-2 碳材(Carbon-base material) 10 2-2-2-3 離子交換樹脂(Ion-exchange resin) 11 2-3 添加鹽類與改變溶液系統對產率的影響 12 2-3-1 添加鹽類對產率的影響 12 2-3-2 改變溶液系統對產率的影響 12 第三章 纖維酒精製程中各產物(酒精、葡萄糖與單細胞蛋白質)之經濟、減碳與糧食替代效益評估 13 3-1 原料、中間產物與最終產物 13 3-1-1 稻草 13 3-1-1-1 稻草組成 13 3-1-1-2 稻草收購成本 15 3-1-2 纖維酒精(Cellulosic ethanol) 16 3-1-3 葡萄糖(Glucose) 17 3-1-4 單細胞蛋白質(Single Cell Protein, SCP) 18 3-2 製程、工廠規模說明與Process(A)-(C)定義 20 3-2-1 工廠規模 20 3-2-2 製程介紹 20 3-2-3 Process(A)-(C)定義 21 3-3 製程中各程序與單元操作之質能平衡與相關設備規格計算 25 3-3-1 球磨(Milling) 25 3-3-2 稀酸水解(Diluted-acid hydrolysis) 25 3-3-3 過鹼化(Overliming) 29 3-3-4 蒸氣爆裂(Steam explosion) 30 3-3-5 酵素水解(Enzymatic hydrolysis) 31 3-3-6 發酵(Fermentation) 32 3-3-7 乾燥(Drying) 35 3-3-8 蒸發(Evaporation) 41 3-3-9 蒸餾(Distillation) 46 3-3-10 熱交換/熱整合分析(Heat exchanger/pinch analysis) 50 3-3-11 總能量計算 57 3-4 經濟評估 58 3-4-1 變動成本 58 3-4-2 固定成本 61 3-4-2-1 設備成本 61 3-4-2-2 建廠成本 64 3-4-2-3 經濟評估結果 64 3-4-2-4 經濟評估結果討論 65 3-5 減碳效益評估 67 3-5-1 稻草碳含量比例計算 67 3-5-2 酒精含碳重量比 68 3-5-3 葡萄糖含碳重量比 68 3-5-4 單細胞蛋白質含碳重量比 69 3-5-5 減碳效益評估結果 69 3-6 以SCP替代糧食效益評估 70 3-7 結論 70 3-8 改進 71 第四章 實驗與觸媒鑑定方法 73 4-1 實驗藥品與器材 73 4-1-1 實驗藥品來源 73 4-1-2 實驗氣體來源 74 4-1-3 實驗使用器材 74 4-2 Nafion/silicate固體觸媒製備程序 75 4-3 後處理程序 76 4-4 觸媒鑑定 76 4-4-1 熱重分析儀(Thermogravimetry Analyzer, TGA) 77 4-4-2 元素分析儀(Elemental analyzer, EA) 77 4-4-3 比表面積與孔洞分布測量儀(Surface area and porosity analyzer) 77 4-4-4 掃描式電子顯微鏡(Scanning electron microscopy, SEM) 78 4-4-5 X-ray粉末繞射儀(X-ray diffraction, XRD) 78 4-4-6 滴定法(Titration method) 79 4-4-7 原子吸收儀(Atomic absorption spectroscopy, AA) 80 4-5 實驗步驟 80 4-6 活性測試 81 4-6-1 氣相層析(Gas chromatography, GC) 81 4-6-2 高效液相層析(High performance liquid chromatography, HPLC) 82 第五章 研究結果與討論 83 5-1 觸媒鑑定 83 5-1-1 熱重分析(Thermogravimetry Analysis, TGA) 83 5-1-2 揮發性元素分析(Elemental analysis, EA) 85 5-1-3 觸媒結晶性分析(Crystallinity analysis of catalysts) 86 5-1-4 比表面積與孔洞分析(Surface area and porosity analysis) 87 5-1-5 觸媒形貌分析(Morphology analysis of catalysts) 89 5-1-6 觸媒酸量分析(Acid sites analysis of cayalysts) 90 5-1-7 鈉元素分析(Sodium ion analysis) 91 5-2 溶液系統與比例對於活性的影響 91 5-2-1 水相 91 5-2-2 有機相/水相 93 5-3 觸媒添加比例與添加液體酸對活性的影響 95 5-4 結論 96 第六章 未來展望 97 第七章 附錄 98 第八章 參考文獻 106 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 纖維酒精製程與產物評估以及其中木糖脫水產生糠醛之製程研究 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Process and Product Evaluation of Bioethanol Production from Rice Straw & Study of Xylose Dehydration to Furfural | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 鄭淑芬(Soo-fin Cheng),吳紀聖(Chi-Sheng Wu),陳文華(Wen-Hua Chen) | |
dc.subject.keyword | 纖維素酒精,酵母菌,單細胞蛋白質,木糖,糠醛,固體酸觸媒, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Cellulosic ethanol,Yeast,Single cell protein,Xylose,Furfural,Solid-acid catalyst, | en |
dc.relation.page | 108 | |
dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
dc.date.accepted | 2012-08-03 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 化學工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 化學工程學系 |
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