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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 社會科學院
  3. 政治學系
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64695
完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位值語言
dc.contributor.advisor王業立
dc.contributor.authorYi-Fang Leeen
dc.contributor.author李宜芳zh_TW
dc.date.accessioned2021-06-16T22:57:34Z-
dc.date.available2017-08-20
dc.date.copyright2012-08-20
dc.date.issued2012
dc.date.submitted2012-08-09
dc.identifier.citation壹、 中文部份
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吳玉山,2002,〈半總統制下的內閣組成與政治穩定:比較俄羅斯、波蘭與中華. 民國〉,《俄羅斯學報》,2:231-265。
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呂炳寬,2009,〈半總統制的解構與重建—概念、類型與研究方法之檢視〉,「2009
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後共波蘭與台灣》,台北:臺灣大學政治學研究所碩士論文。
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《台灣民主季刊》,1(3):99-129。
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33-64。
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台北:中央研究院中山人文社會科學研究所,頁135-175。
徐正戎、呂炳寬,2002,〈九七憲改後的憲政運作〉,《問題與研究》,41(1):
1-24。
黃德福,2000,〈少數政府與責任政治—台灣半總統制之下的政黨競爭〉,《問
題與研究》,39(12):1-24。
陳宏銘,2009,〈台灣半總統制下的黨政關係:以民進黨執政時期為焦點〉,《政治科學論叢》,41:1-56。
陳宏銘、蔡榮祥,2008,〈選舉時程對政府組成型態的牽引力:半總統制經驗之探討〉,《東吳政治學報》,26(2):117-180。
張台麟,1997,〈法國『雙首長制』及第三次『左右共治』之研析〉,《美歐季刊》,
12(4):61-87。
張峻豪,2011,〈半總統制運作類型的跨國研究〉,《問題與研究》,50(2):
107-142。
蔡榮祥、石鵬翔,2011,〈總理總統制與政治穩定:以烏克蘭與羅馬尼亞為例〉,《政治科學論叢》,47:65-106。
郝培芝,2011,〈半總統制下蜜月期選舉時程的政治影響分析:策略性投票的分析觀點〉,「半總統制民主學術研討會」(3月26日),台中:東海大學政治系。
蘇子喬,2010,〈憲政體制與選舉制度的配套思考〉,《政治科學論叢》,44:35-74。
蘇子喬,2011,〈是不是「半總統制」?哪一種「半總統制」──半總統制概念
界定爭議的釐清〉,《東吳政治學報》,29(4):1-72。

貳、英文部份
Alt, James, and Gary King. 1994. Transfers of Governmental Power: The Meaning of Time Dependence. Comparative Political Studies 27 (2): 190-210.
Bienen, Henry, and Nicolas van de Walle. 1991. Of Time And Power: Leadership Duration in the Modern World. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Cheibub, Jose, and Svitlana Chernykh. 2009. Are Semi-Presidential Constitutions Bad for Democratic Preformance? Constitutional Political Economy 20: 202-229.
Damgaard, Erik. 2008. 'Cabinet Termination.' In Cabinets and Coalition Bargaining: The Democratic Life Cycle in Western Europe, eds. Kaare Strom, Wolfgang Muller and Bergman Torbjorn. New York: Oxford University Press.
Diermeier, Daniel, and Randolph Stevenson. 2000. Cabinet Terminations and Critical Events. American Political Science Review 94 (3): 627-640.
Diermeier, Daniel, and Randy Stevenson. 1999. Cabinet Survival and Competing Risks. American Journal of Political Science 43 (4): 1051-1068.
Duverger, Maurice. 1980. A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government. European Journal of Political Research 8 (2): 165-187.
Elgie, Robert. 2005. A Fresh Look at Semipresidentialism: Variations On a Theme. Journal of Democracy 16 (3): 98-112.
———. 2011. 'An Increasingly Common Constitutional Choice.' In Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy, eds. Robert Elgie, Sophia Moestrup and Yu-Shan Wu. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 1-20.
Herron, Eric. 2008. The Parliamentary Election in Ukraine, September 2007. Electoral Studies 27 (3): 551-555.
Huber, John, and Cecilia Martinez-Gallardo. 2008. Replacing Cabinet Ministers: Patterns of Ministerial Stability in Parliamentary Democracies. American Political Science Review 100 (2): 169-180.
King, Gary, James Alt, Nancy Burns, and Michaelo Laver. 1990. A Unified Model of Cabinet Dissolution in Parliamentary Democracies. American Journal of Political Science 34 (3): 846-871.
Kleinbaum, David, and Mitchel Klein. 2005. Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Lin, Jih-Wen. 2011. 'The Rules of Electoral Competition and the Accountability of Semi-Presidential Governments.' In Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy, eds. Robert Elgie, Sophia Moestrup and Yu-Shan Wu. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 61-80.
Nohlen, Dieter, and Philip Stover. 2010. Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook. Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft
Protsyk, Oleh. 2006. Intra-Executive Competition between President and Prime Minister: Patterns Institutional Conflict and Cooperation under Semi-Presidentialism. Political Studies 54: 219-244.
———. 2011. 'Semi-Presidentialism under Post-Communism.' In Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy, eds. Robert Elgie, Sophia Moestrup and Yu-Shan Wu. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 98-116.
Samuels, David, and Matthew Shugart. 2010. Presidents, Prime Ministers and Political Parties. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Sartori, Giovanni. 1997. Comparative Constitutional Engineering: An Inquiry into Structures, Incentives and Outcomes. New York: New York University Press.
Schleiter, Petra, and Edward Morgan-Jones. 2009. Constitutional Power and Competing Risks: Monarchs, Presidents, Prime Ministers, and the Termination of East and West European Cabinets. American Political Science Review 103 (3): 496-512.
———. 2009. Party Government in Europe? Parliamentary and Semi-presidential Democracies Compared. European Journal of Political Research 48: 665-693.
Shugart, Matthew. 2005. Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns. French Politics 3: 323-351.
Shugart, Matthew, and John Carey. 1992. Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Siaroff, Alan. 2003. Comparative Presidencies: The Inadequacy of the Presidential, Semi-presidential and Parliamentary Distinction. European Journal of Political Research 42 (3): 287-312.
Skach, Cindy. 2005. Borrowing Constitutional Designs: Constitutional Law in Weimar Germany and the French Fifth Republic. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Strom, Karre. 1984. Party Goals and Government Performance in Parliamentary Democracies. American Political Science Review 79 (3): 738-754.
Tsai, Jung-Hsiang. 2008. Sub-types of Semi-presidentialism and Political Deadlock. French Politics 6(1): 63-84.
Warwick, Paul. 1994. Government Survival in Parliamentary Democracies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Warwick, Paul, and Stephen Easton. 1992. The Cabinet Stability Controversy: New Perspectives on an Classic Problem. American Journal of Political Science 36 (1): 122-146.
Wu, Yu-Shan. 1999. 'Taiwan’s Constitutional Framework and Cross-Straits Relations. ' Paper presented at the 1999 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association, Atlanta, September 2-5.
———. 2006. 'Semi-presidentialism and Nascent Democracies as a Research Agenda.' Presented at the World Congress of International Political Science Association, Fukuoka.
———. 2008. 'Study of Semi-Presidentialism: A Holistic Approach.' Paper presented at the Conference on Semi-Presidentialism and Democracy: Institutional Choice, Performance, and Evolution, Institute of Political Science at Academia Sinica, Taipei, October 17-18.
參、網路資源
World Statesmen(2012.2-4月), http://www.worldstatesmen.org/
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, http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/
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Polity IV(2011.11-12月), http://www.systemicpeace.org/polity/polity4.htm
dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64695-
dc.description.abstract本文旨在探究影響總理任期的因素為何,過去研究半總統制的總理任期已有相當豐碩的成果,但檢視相關的文獻後,發現仍有一些尚未被研究的部分。首先是總統權力包含不同的面向,且不同的面向的影響效果不一定是獨立的,也就是不同面向的總統權力可能產生交互作用的影響;接著是國會組成與總統權力,因為國會組成可能引發總統介入行政,進而動用憲法賦予總統的權力,所以國會組成與總統權力之間也有可能有相互影響的可能。綜觀過去的研究,僅提及相關的變數,並只針對少數國家進行驗證。本文針對1945年至2010年間,採行半總統制的民主國家進行分析,利用Cox 的風險比例模型估計不同因素對總理下台發生的風險比例,並進一步探討總理下台的不同事件發生的風險比例。
研究結果發現總統權力的不同面向交互作用,以及總統權力和國會組成的交互作用的確會對總理任期長短有顯著性的影響。在不同面向的總統權力部分,發現總統單邊任命權和總統免除權對總理任期有交互作用的影響;在總統權力與國會組成交互作用部份,可以得知聯合政府和總統免除權對總理任期有交互作用的影響;另外,總統總理是否同黨和總統黨席次比對總理任期有交互作用影響;最後,總統總理是否同黨和總理黨席次對總理任期也有交互作用影響。
因此,在探究影響總理任期長短的因素時,不能只著重在單一變數探討,還必須觀察變數之間的交互作用,才能真正得知影響總理任期的因素為何。
zh_TW
dc.description.abstractThe purpose of this paper is to explore the factors which affect the duration of the prime minister. Research of the prime minister duration in semi-presidentialism has been quite fruitful in the past but we will be analyzing this topic by studying how different factors affecting prime minister duration are correlated rather than independent. We will first study how the different aspects of presidential power affect the duration of the prime minister and how their effects are not independent. Next, we will study how different parliament compositions lead to presidential involvement in the administration and thus affects the duration as well. We use the Cox proportional hazards model to estimate the different factors that impact the prime minister duration as well as the competing risk model to analyze different events. The range of time used is from 1945 to 2010 and includes democratic semi-presidentialism countries from around the world.
The research shows that different aspects of president power have interactive effects and that parliament composition and presidential power also have interactive effect. First, in the different aspect of presidential power section, there are significant interactive effects of the president power to dismiss prime minister and the president power to unilateral appoint prime minister. Second, there are significant interactive effects of coalition government and the president power to dismiss prime minister. Furthermore, there are significant interactive effects of whether the president and the prime minister are of the same party and the proportion of president party seats. At last, there are significant interactive effects of whether the president and the prime minister are of the same party and the proportion of prime minister party seats.
In summary, to explore the factors of the prime minister duration, it is necessary not only to focus on the impact of individual variables, but also take the interaction of different variables into account.
en
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Previous issue date: 2012
en
dc.description.tableofcontents第一章 緒論........................................................................1
第一節、研究動機................................................................................. 1
第二節、研究目的.................................................................................. 4
第三節、章節安排.................................................................................. 5
第四節、預期結果.................................................................................. 6
第二章 理論與文獻檢閱...................................................7
第一節、半總統制的定義.................................................................... 7
第二節、半總統制的運作模式.......................................................... 11
第三節、總統權力對於總理任期的影響......................................... 12
第四節、國會組成對於總理任期的影響......................................... 15
第五節、總統權力與國會組成對於總理任期的影響.................... 18
第六節、總理任期的意義................................................................... 21
第七節、小結........................................................................................ 22
第三章 研究設計.............................................................23
第一節、研究範圍............................................................................... 23
第二節、研究方法............................................................................... 24
第三節、研究架構............................................................................... 28
第四節、統計模型的變數定義與測量............................................. 38
第五節、待驗假設............................................................................... 43
第四章 實證結果分析.....................................................47
第一節、樣本分佈描述....................................................................... 47
第二節、Cox風險比例模型與競爭行風險模型之分析................ 53
第三節、綜合討論............................................................................... 81
第五章 結論......................................................................83
第一節、研究發現............................................................................... 83
第二節、研究貢獻............................................................................... 87
第三節、研究限制............................................................................... 88
第四節、未來發展............................................................................... 89
參考文獻............................................................................91
附錄:全世界半總統制民主國家暨總統權力和國會
選舉制度列表(1945-2010)...................................97

圖目次
圖 2-1 半總統制憲政運作的三角關係................................................. 11
圖 3-1 總理任期時間之假設.................................................................. 27
圖 3-2 分析架構....................................................................................... 30
圖 4-1 總理任期的存活函數.................................................................. 53
圖 4-2 總理下台的風險估計函數......................................................... 53
圖 4-3 提前選舉下台及非選舉性替換的累積增益函數................... 54

表目次
表 3-1 各變數資料來源及建檔方式說明........................................... 36
表 3-2 依變數名稱與編碼說明............................................................ 38
表 3-3 自變數名稱與編碼說明............................................................ 40
表 3-4 控制變數名稱與編碼說明........................................................ 42
表 4-1 總統權力的次數分配................................................................ 48
表 4-2 總統和總理是否同黨的次數分配........................................... 49
表 4-3 總統黨和總理黨的席次比例.................................................... 50
表 4-4 國會選舉制度的次數分配........................................................ 50
表 4-5 總理任職時間的敘述統計........................................................ 51
表 4-6 可觀察與不可觀察資料的次數分配....................................... 51
表 4-7 總統免除權和總統任命權交互作用對總理任期的影響..... 58
表 4-8 總統免除權和總統解散國會權交互作用對總理任期的
影響............................................................................................... 61
表 4-9 總統任命權和總統解散國會權的交互作用........................... 64
表 4-10 總統免除權和總統黨席次比例交互作用對總理任期的
影響............................................................................................. 67
表 4-11 總統免除權和聯合政府互作用對總理任期的影響............. 71
表 4-12 總統總理是否同黨和總統黨席次比例交互作用對總理
任期的影響................................................................................ 75
表 4-13 總統總理是否同黨和總理黨席次比例交互作用對總理
任期的影響................................................................................ 79
表 5-1 研究發現總整理........................................................................ 85
dc.language.isozh-TW
dc.subject半總統制zh_TW
dc.subjectCox風險比例模型zh_TW
dc.subject事件史分析法zh_TW
dc.subject交互作用zh_TW
dc.subject國會組成zh_TW
dc.subject總理任期zh_TW
dc.subject總統權力zh_TW
dc.subjectevent history analysisen
dc.subjectduration of the prime ministeren
dc.subjectpresidential poweren
dc.subjectcomposition of parliamenten
dc.subjectinteractionen
dc.subjectSemi-presidentialismen
dc.subjectCox proportional hazard modelen
dc.title半總統制下總統權力和國會組成對總理任期之影響zh_TW
dc.titleThe Duration of Prime Minister in Semi-Presidentialism:
The Effect of Presidential Power and Composition of Parliament
en
dc.typeThesis
dc.date.schoolyear100-2
dc.description.degree碩士
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee陳宏銘,李鳳玉
dc.subject.keyword半總統制,總理任期,總統權力,國會組成,交互作用,事件史分析法,Cox風險比例模型,zh_TW
dc.subject.keywordSemi-presidentialism,duration of the prime minister,presidential power,composition of parliament,interaction,event history analysis,Cox proportional hazard model,en
dc.relation.page104
dc.rights.note有償授權
dc.date.accepted2012-08-09
dc.contributor.author-college社會科學院zh_TW
dc.contributor.author-dept政治學研究所zh_TW
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