後結構地理學取徑下的鄉村空間過程：以「歷坵小農復耕行動」為例

Abstract

2009年年底，民間組織與在歷坵居民共同展開以在地經濟轉型為主軸的「小農復耕計畫」。計畫中，民間組織以提供經濟支持和社會關係的協同合作的情況下，參與的居民自主性的展開農法與經濟形式的調整。經過組織與居民之間的協商與媒合，參與者共同決定生產模式與資源配置，嘗試「在地」農法的耕作形式，從實踐中試圖探求某種在地合作化經濟的可能方向。另一方面，行動批判性地以具體的實踐，來回應當前因高度市場化與現代化而造成鄉村之社會與環境永續危機的鄉村發展情勢。 因此，計畫雖然是位在台東縣金峰鄉的歷坵部落中展開，但是計畫所展開的行動並不僅限於地域性的邊界，計畫的參與者逐漸媒合成互動密切的合作關係，行動展演的關係網絡重新形塑參與者的生產關係與商品關係。過程中，行動主體在不斷的進行協商與互動，這包含參與者之間共識的形成，以及行動者在耕作時與「土地」、「農作物」、「自然環境」等非人實體的異質性關聯中。此外，歷坵小農復耕行動目前仍持續進行著，以多重的關係網絡不斷促成關係實踐的形成，其中，行動也成為某種知識論述，在關係網絡中擴散它的影響效果。本研究以後結構地理學取徑作為探討鄉村的研究取徑，鄉村不再只是實體空間的指涉，而是在行動主體關係的協商與實踐中具體化的鄉村空間過程。 從歷坵小農復耕行動的案例裡，本研究試著探求鄉村空間過程的實質。本研究也重新審視了行動本身，評判行動實際運作的內容與成果，雖然看到某些具體的侷限，但也似乎找到某些小農經濟形式上的發展可能。

At the end of 2009, the NGOs and Rulakes residents have cooperated “ The Smallholder Farming Rehabilitation Project,” which aims at the economic transition within local sphere. In the project, under the condition that the organizations provided the economic support as well as the cooperation of social relations, residents who participated the project began to adjust their conventional farming methods and economic forms. Through the negotiation and integration between organizations and participants, they autonomously coordinated the mode of production and the arrangement of resources, in attempting to farm through “local” methods, and thus to try to reach the local-cooperative economy. On the other hand, the action critically responds to the highly market-oriented and modernized conditions that cause the social and environmental crisis of the rural while the development, by taking actual practices. Although the project was initially launched in Jinfeng Township, Taitung County, the actions were not restricted according to territorial boundaries. The participants who engaged in the project progressively integrated into closely interactive relationship. The relations of production and commodity were reshaped due to the social network that was constructed through performance of actions. In the process, negotiations and interactions between the acting subjects, which involved the formation of consensus between participants, were constantly on the move. In addition, the heterogeneous associations between actors and the land, the crop as well as the natural environment were coming into being during the farming process. The actions of “The Smallholder Farming Rehabilitation” is now continuing to proceed in Rulakes. Furthermore, the relational practices of the action have been shaping by multiple social networks. Among the above observations and analysis, the action could be argued as the certain kind of discourse that effects of the action are diffused through social networks. This paper takes the post-strutralist geography approach to investigate the rural issues, which refers to the rural that is not merely existed as the “actual space,” but is spacialized according to the process of negotiations and the practices between actors. In the case of “The Smallholder Farming Rehabilitation” in Rulakes, this paper attempts to conceptualize the spatial process of the rural. Moreover, this paper also re-inspected the action itself, by evaluating the content and the effect of the action after actual practices. In spite of occurring some concrete problems during the process, the action opens up the possibilities of practices of the smallholder economy.