職場家庭親善政策、工作家庭衝突以及工作者身心健康之研究：以護理人員為例

Abstract

政府調查資料顯示，工作與家庭的衝突對職業婦女的身心健康有顯著的影響，而「職場家庭親善政策」為減少工作家庭衝突、促進工作家庭平衡的重要策略之一。近年來護理人員的勞動負荷與身心健康備受社會關注，以女性為主的護理人員因工作負荷與輪班問題而無法兼顧家庭的現象也十分普遍，「職場家庭親善政策」與「工作家庭衝突」問題應比其他職業族群更為嚴重。 本研究目的有四，包括瞭解護理人員工作狀況與健康狀況的分佈、檢視工作家庭衝突中文量表的信效度、瞭解「工作家庭衝突」對護理人員身心健康狀況的影響，以及瞭解護理人員對台灣目前職場家庭親善相關政策的認知狀況與使用狀況。 本研究以量性調查為主，以加入EPInet(針扎通報系統)之台北市、新北市與基隆市醫院以及兩所在職專班的女性全職護理人員為研究對象，於2012年3月1日至2012年4月30日期間採取便利取樣，有效樣本為465份。 研究結果顯示，工作家庭衝突量表信效度佳。相較於全國女性受僱者，護理人員的工時長、工作負荷高、職場正義低、疲勞感受高、自評健康差；而相較於歐盟國家的護理人員，本研究的護理人員工作-家庭衝突與家庭-工作衝突較嚴重、離職傾向較高。多變項迴歸分析中也發現，工作家庭衝突對身心健康狀況與離職傾向有顯著影響力。本研究對象對於《性別工作平等法》中的相關規定認知狀況嚴重不足，使用狀況也較全國女性受僱者少。在在顯示了臺灣護理人員的工作環境不佳，使其難以平衡工作與家庭，進而影響其身心健康。 本研究建議，應強化護理人員對於職場家庭親善政策的認知、並提高其使用狀況，以減輕護理人員工作家庭衝突，進而改善其身心健康狀況。

Results from surveys conducted by the government indicated that work-family conflict has substantial effects on health of working women. Among other approaches, family-friendly workplace policies have been adopted in attempt to reduce work-family conflict. In recent years, heavy workloads and related health problems among nurses have been major public health concerns in Taiwan. Because of heavy work demands, shift-work and the dominance of young female workers in the nurising workforce, the problem of work-family conflict seemed to be more severe in nurses than in occupation groups. The aims of this study were to explore the distribution of work and health condition, to examine the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of a work-family conflict scale, to explore relations between work-family conflict and health, and to understand the awareness and utilization of benefits provided by family-friendly workplace policies among nurses. Study subjects of this questionnaire survey were recruited from participants of the EPInet (a reporting system for needle stick injuries of nurses), who were female and worked in Taipei city, New Taipei city and Keelung city. In addition, students of two on-job graduate programs were invited to participate. The survey was conducted during the time period from March 1st to April 30th in 2012. Survey was carried out with convenience sampling method. A total of 465 valid questionnaires were collected. Findings of this study indicated that the scale of work-family conflict had sufficient reliability and validity. Secondly, as compared to the nationally representative sample of female employees, nurses in our study reported longer working hours, higher work demands, lower workplace justice, higher burnout experience and poorer self-reported health. Moreover, nurses in Taiwan had higher levels of work-to-family conflict and greater intention to leave the nursing career as compared to their European counterparts. Furthermore, the levels of work-family conflict were significantly related with poor health and greater intention to leave. Finally, findings of this study showed that a great proportion of nurses lacked of knowledge of the family-friendly workplace policies, and also lacked of opportunity to utilize benefits as stipulated by regulations. To reduce work-family conflict and to improve health status among nurses, we suggest that the awareness of family-friendly workplace policies should be enhanced and the utilization of related benefits should be improved.