女性性意識及其對父權制度的顛覆：以拉岡派之精神分析閱讀《傲慢與偏見》

Abstract

根據拉岡派之精神分析觀點，本論文重新探討珍•奧斯汀之小說《傲慢與偏見》中的女性顛覆精神。筆者對文本作了一個超越傳統奧斯汀批評方式的閱讀，以便將奧斯汀的顛覆特性作更深入的觀察。透過應用拉岡的精神分析理論，筆者除了嘗試探討奧斯汀作品中所描繪的當代父權制度，也將達西與伊莉莎白二人之間的關係，視為一種愛情的轉化過程。由於本研究假定《傲慢與偏見》提供了一個無法被傳統評論完整解釋的批判視野，筆者因此使用一個新的批評角度，來重新分析奧斯汀的顛覆精神。本論文實質上接受了一個全新、獨創的挑戰，意謂將珍•奧斯汀的文字與雅克•拉岡的理論建立對話。根據拉岡派的精神分析理論，本論文主張：奧斯汀藉由安排創意的人物環境及其幽默的言詞，將她的批評內容表達得淋漓盡致。從班奈特先生，一位冷漠的父親身上，奧斯汀準備了一個能自然慶祝女性精神的敘事背景。從班奈特太太、伊莉莎白、夏綠蒂等人的表現，她不僅以有趣的風格挑戰父權制度，也在當中表達了顛覆的聲音。從達西與伊莉莎白二人之間複雜的關係，奧斯汀展現其對女性型態的愛情懷抱信心：期望男性主體能捨棄其無法達成的慾望，以致在關係中成為女性主體；邀請女人來參與愛之劇，來處理不可能的兩性關係。

This thesis re-examines Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice as a subversive novel of feminine spirit in terms of Lacanian psychoanalysis. It attempts to read Pride and Prejudice that goes beyond the traditional Austenian criticism so as to see much deeper into the subversive qualities of Austen’s work. By resorting to Lacanian psychoanalysis, it seeks to discuss the patriarchal order manifested in Austen’s time through her narrative, and to see the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth as a transformative process of love. By assuming that Pride and Prejudice gives a critical vision that cannot be fully elucidated by the conventional reading, this research re-interprets Austen’s subversive spirit from a new critical perspective. More essentially, it takes up an original challenge, which means to create a dialogue between Jane Austen and Jacques Lacan. In terms of Lacanian psychoanalysis, it argues that Austen accomplishes a critical maneuvering both in her creative setup and witticism. Through Mr. Bennet, an indifferent father figure, she arranges a wonderful setting to celebrate the feminine spirit. Through Mrs. Bennet, Elizabeth, and Charlotte, she playfully challenges the patriarchal order and gives her subversive voices. And through the complicated relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth, Austen shows her faith in the feminine form of love, which not only asks men to give up their unreachable desire by becoming a feminine subject, but also encourages women to join in the drama of love that constantly tries to dissolve the impossibility of sexual relationship.