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http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64478完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 卡艾瑋 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yan-Ting Lin | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 林彥廷 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T17:49:33Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2013-08-15 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2012-08-15 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2012-08-13 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | References
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64478 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 本論文利用野外現地調查以及實驗模型，預測山區堰塞湖演化發展。莫拉克風災後，南台灣山區崩塌情形嚴重，大量崩塌土方堆積於主支流交匯處產生堰塞湖，為觀察堰塞湖現地實際變化情形，以旗山溪與二溪交匯處那瑪夏堰塞湖為研究對象，於2011年一月及2012年二月同地點進行野外量測，在兩期調查中取得旗山溪上游河道縱剖面高程與現地淤積土體取樣分析。為解釋現地河道形貌反應，故根據過去現地資料及條件，利用系列一維動床實驗在不同底床坡度、支流砂量及流體濃度條件下，模擬堰塞湖地形變化。比較現地狀況與實驗結果得知，初始坡度與主支流砂量比主要影響堰塞湖規模大小；而流體濃度則控制底泥厚度多寡與堰塞湖存在時間長短；且經過實驗參數率定驗證後，可提供現地河川未來形貌演化模擬與預測。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Using field surveys and laboratory experiments, the present study examines the evolution of a debris-dammed lake in montane Taiwan. During Typhoon Morakot in August 2009, a tributary called Creek No. 2 supplied abundant debris to its confluence with the Chishan River, causing the formation of Namaxia Lake. To document the subsequent evolution of the debris-dammed lake, two surveys were conducted in January 2011 and February 2012. In particular, long profiles were measured and the distribution of fine and coarse sediment material was observed. To model the river response observed in the field, experiments were conducted in a narrow flume. Different runs examined the influence of initial slope, tributary influx, and fine sediment concentration. Initial slope and tributary influx are found to greatly influence the observed long profiles. Fine sediment concentration, by contrast, exerts little influence on long profiles, but affects the composition of lake deposits and the duration of lake existence. By adjusting these experimental parameters, it is possible to obtain river responses similar to those observed in the field. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T17:49:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-R99521301-1.pdf: 11270554 bytes, checksum: 168f322088e97f13af1920da39ccff56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Contents
摘要 Ⅰ Abstract Ⅱ Contents III Figure list V Table list X Chapter1 Introduction 1-1 Chapter 2 Field survey method 2-1 2.1 Repeat photography 2-2 2.2 Static GPS surveying 2-9 2.3 Total station 2-11 2.4 Single beam sonar 2-14 Chapter 3 Field data analysis 3-1 3.1 Long profiles analysis 3-2 3.2 Volume change analysis 3-6 3.3 Dammed lake area and volume analysis 3-7 3.4 Conversion of rainfall to discharge 3-9 3.5 Sediment transport law calibration 3-11 3.6 Lake self-drainage analysis 3-16 3.7 Deposition sampling analysis 3-21 3.7.1 Specific gravity test and Atterberg limits test 3-21 3.7.2 Particle size distribution test 3-23 3.8 Comparison with other lakes 3-24 Chapter 4 Experimental methods 4-1 4.1 Acrylic flume with adjustable slope 4-2 4.2 Sediment and water supply 4-4 4.3 Imaging components 4-7 4.4 Experimental procedure 4-8 Chapter 5 Experimental results 5-1 5.1 Experimental parameters and classification 5-2 5.2 Experimental group 1: 5-3 5.3 Experimental group 2: 5-7 5.4 Experimental group 3: 5-10 Chapter 6 Comparison and discussion 6-1 6.1 Time evolution 6-2 6.2 Influence of fine sediment concentration 6-5 6.3 Influence of initial slopes 6-9 6.4 Comparison with field observations 6-12 6.5 Calibration of sediment transport coefficient by experimental results 6-15 Chapter 7 Conclusion 7-1 References Figure list Figure1.1 Geographical location of the Chishan River and Creek no.2 study area. 1-2 Figure1.2 Satellite images in upstream of the Chishan River 1-2 Figure1.3 The situation after Typhoon Morakot at the Minsheng village, Namaxia. 1-3 Figure1.4 Views of the Namaxia dammed lake. 1-4 Figure1.5 Satellite images in upstream of the Chishan River 1-4 Figure 2.1 Views of the Creek no.2 fan taken 2009/11/16, 2011/01/25, and 2012/02/07. 2-2 Figure 2.2 Landslides in the Creek no.2. 2-4 Figure 2.3 The bedrock spur on the left of the photos. 2-5 Figure 2.4 Fine material precipitated on the bottom of the reservoir. 2-6 Figure 2.5 The obvious traces of water emerge 2011/01/25 versus 2012/02/07. 2-7 Figure2.6 Versus the convex bank and upstream of the lake on 2011/01/25 and 2012/02/07. 2-8 Figure 2.7 The location of the Static GPS (Source : FORMOSAT-2, NSPO). 2-10 Figure 2.8 The TOPCON software was used to process the static GPS survey data. 2-11 Figure 2.9 Survey instruments and the river geomorphology. 2-12 Figure 2.10 Collecting data at locations of the total station survey. 2-13 Figure 2.11 Equipments of the Single Beam Sonar survey. 2-14 Figure 2.12 The bathymetric survey route. 2-15 Figure 3.1 Leads of the long profile processed. 3-2 Figure 3.2 Synthesis of the long profile on 2011/01/25. 3-3 Figure 3.3 Tremendous terrace located on the Creek no.2 debris fan on 2011/01/25. 3-4 Figure 3.4 Synthesis of the long profile on 2012/02/07. 3-4 Figure 3.5 Tremendous terrace located on the Creek no.2 debris fan on 2012/02/07. 3-4 Figure 3.6 Synthesis of the long profile from 2004 to 2012. 3-5 Figure 3.7 The delta in the upper edge. 3-6 Figure3.8 The two times survey points in tributary basin-wide. 3-6 Figure 3.9 The filled distribution in the Creek no.2. 3-7 Figure 3.10 The cut distribution in the Chishan River. 3-7 Figure 3.11 The areas of the lake with the different water levels. 3-8 Figure 3.12 Water levels correspond to volumes. 3-8 Figure 3.13 Rainfall stages are marked by red triangle. 3-9 Figure 3.14 Fit the measured discharge and calculated discharge. 3-11 Figure 3.15 Long profiles of the Chishan River upstream. 3-13 Figure 3.16 The rainfall, discharge and volume from 2011/01/25 to 2012/02/07 at Mincyuan. 3-14 Figure 3.17 Basins of the Mincyuan bridge and the balanced point. 3-15 Figure 3.18 The deposition distribution in the balanced point upstream. 3-15 Figure 3.19 By the satellite estimated the outflow channel of width bc. 3-18 Figure 3.20 Calculated relation between debris dam height and expected peak outflow discharge. 3-20 Figure 3.21 Calculated outflow hydrographs for different debris dam heights. 3-20 Figure 3.22 Fine material was deposited on the river bed where was near the dam. 3-21 Figure 3.23 The specific gravity test by a set of pycnometer. 3-22 Figure 3.24 Atterberg limits test. 3-23 Figure 3.25 Particle-size distribution of the Namaxia dammed lake. 3-24 Figure 3.26 Other particle-size distributions of lakes. 3-25 Figure 3.27 Sketch the slope and length of lakes. 3-25 Figure 4.1 The diagram of experiment setup. 4-2 Figure 4.2 The diagram of the acrylic flume and slope control. 4-3 Figure 4.3 The erected position of leveling pipes was marked with red lines. 4-3 Figure 4.4 Two end sides of filled with water pipes were marked the level. 4-3 Figure 4.5 The particle-size distributions of fine material between experiment and field. 4-4 Figure 4.6 The diagram of sediment and water supply system. 4-5 Figure 4.7 Left side was kaolinite, and right side was black sand. 4-5 Figure 4.8 Coarse sand and kaolinite grain size distribution. 4-5 Figure 4.9 Mixed the kaolinite with water and stirred with an automatic mixer. 4-5 Figure 4.10 The constant head tank and conveyer steady supplied materials. 4-6 Figure 4.11 The diagram of image observation window. 4-7 Figure 4.12 The observation window of camera Nikon D3. 4-7 Figure 4.13 (a) A experimental photo was composed by pixel unit. 4-10 (b) The symbolical points were marked on the experimental photo. 4-10 (c) The pick points of sand bed profile. 4-10 (d) The pick points were transformed into the millimeter unite. 4-10 Figure 5.1 Sketch of geometric characteristics of dam and lake. 5-2 Figure 5.2 The setup in experimental group 1. 5-4 Figure 5.3 Photographs of experiment for No.2 (Cusp). 5-5 Figure 5.4 Photographs of experiment for No.4 (Lake). 5-6 Figure 5.5 The setup in experimental group 2. 5-7 Figure 5.6 Photographs of experiment for No.7 (Cusp). 5-8 Figure 5.7 Photographs of experiment for No.11 (Lake). 5-9 Figure 5.8 The setup in experimental group 3. 5-11 Figure 5.9 Photographs of experiment for No.15 (Cusp). 5-12 Figure 5.10 Photographs of experiment for No.16 (Lake). 5-13 Figure 6.1 Thicknesses of deposit with time at I/j= 3 and 4. 6-3 Figure 6.2 Lengths of lake with time at I/j= 3 and 4. 6-3 Figure 6.3 Thicknesses of fine material deposition with time. 6-4 Figure 6.4 Sediment profiles in different concentrations (a) Clear aqueous solution supply in single slope, t-t1=300 sec. 6-6 (b) Kaolin mixed solution supply in single slope, t-t1=300 sec. 6-6 Figure 6.5 Dimensionless measures to ratios in different concentrations (a) Thickness of deposit at confluence. 6-6 (b) Length of dammed lake in the slope 0.045. 6-6 Figure 6.6 Dimensionless lake life time, plotted against the ratio I/j. 6-8 Figure 6.7 Fine material fill in the interval between coarse particles. 6-8 Figure 6.8 Sediment profiles with kaolin mixed solution in different slopes (a) Kaolin mixed solution supply in composite slope t-t1=300 sec. 6-10 (b) Compare with single slope and composite slopes in the same ratios. 6-10 Figure 6.9 Dimensionless measures to ratios in different slopes (a) Thickness of deposit at confluence under kaolin mixed solution condition. 6-10 (b) Length of dammed lake under kaolin mixed solution condition. 6-10 Figure 6.10 Sediment profile variations under compose of the slopes. 6-11 Figure 6.11 Left: the morphology of the experiment; Right: the morphology of the field 6-12 Figure 6.12 Observation of delta migration. 6-13 Figure 6.13 Experimental profiles with ratios correspond to the field situation. 6-14 Figure 6.14 Experimental profiles with time correspond to the field situation. 6-14 Figure 6.15 Estimate the height of dam and initial slope from long-profile. 6-17 Figure 6.16 Estimate the accumulated discharge from the rainfall to discharge at Mincyuan 2009/08/05 to 2009/08/11. 6-17 Figure 6.17 Upstream basin areas of the dam and Mincyuan. 6-18 Figure 6.18 Dimensionless thickness of dam. 6-18 Table list Table 2.1 Results of the static GPS survey data. 2-11 Table 2.2 Longitude and latitude convert to E and N (TWD97). 2-15 Table 3.1 Volumes of soil cut/fill in 2011 by GIS. 3-7 Table 3.2 Simulate lake water levels correspond to areas and volumes by 2012/02/07 survey data. 3-8 Table 3.3 Areas and weight of rainfall stages. 3-9 Table 3.4 Areas and weight of rainfall stages. 3-11 Table 3.5 Parameters were used to calibrate the sediment transport coefficient K 3-16 Table 3.6 Variables considered in the present analysis. 3-16 Table 3.7 Parameters were used to calibrate expected peak outflow discharges. 3-19 Table 3.8 The different dam height correspond to the calibrations. 3-20 Table3.9 The specific gravity experimental recodes of the field sample. 3-23 Table 3.10 The USCS experimental recodes of the field sample. 3-23 Table 4.1 Sand properties 4-5 Table 5.1 Parameters kept constant for all rounds. 5-2 Table 5.2 Experimental parameters kept in each round 5-3 Table 5.3 Experimental group 1 conditions and measurements. 5-4 Table 5.4 Experimental group 2 conditions and measurements. 5-7 Table 5.5 Experimental group 2 conditions and measurements. 5-11 Table 6.1 Critical time of experiments. 6-8 Table 6.2 Parameters were used to cumulative water volume. 6-16 Table 6.3 Parameters were used to calculate the sediment transport coefficient K. 6-17 | |
| dc.language.iso | en | |
| dc.subject | 主支流砂量比 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 那瑪夏堰塞湖 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 流體濃度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 主流坡度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 旗山溪 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 實驗模型 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 現地調查 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | Namaxia | en |
| dc.subject | debris-dammed lake | en |
| dc.subject | Tributary influx | en |
| dc.subject | Concentration | en |
| dc.subject | Slope | en |
| dc.subject | laboratory experiments | en |
| dc.subject | field surveys | en |
| dc.subject | Chishan River | en |
| dc.title | 現地調查與模型實驗模擬堰塞湖演化機制:以那瑪夏堰塞湖為例 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | The evolution of the Namaxia debris-dammed lake:
Field surveys and Narrow flume experiments | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 韓仁毓,陳樹群,王筱雯 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 那瑪夏堰塞湖,旗山溪,現地調查,實驗模型,主流坡度,流體濃度,主支流砂量比, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | debris-dammed lake,Namaxia,Chishan River,field surveys,laboratory experiments,Slope,Concentration,Tributary influx, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 105 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2012-08-14 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 土木工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 土木工程學系 | |
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