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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 張能復(Len-Fu Chang) | |
| dc.contributor.author | Yi-Shian Li | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 李宜憲 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T17:34:51Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2017-08-17 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2012-08-17 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2012-08-15 | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Allen, R. G., Pereira, L. S., Howell,T.A., Jensen,M.E.. (2011). 'Evapotranspiration information reporting: I. Factors governing measurement accuracy.' Agricultural Water Management 98(6): 899-920.
Allen, R.G., Jensen, M.E., Wright, J.L., Burman, R.D., (1989). 'Operational estimates of reference evapotranspiration. ' Agron. J. 81 (4):650-662. Angus, D.E., Watts, P.J., (1984). ' Evapotranspiration—how good is the Bowen ratio method? ' Agric. Water Manage. (8): 133-150. Burba, G., Anderson D., (2008). ' Introduction to the eddy covariance method:general guidelines and conventional workflow. ' LiCor Corporation, Lincoln,NE.:141pp Dyer, A.J. and B.B. Hicks. (1970) 'Flux-gradient relationships in the constant flux layer. ' Quart. J. Roy.Meteor. Soc. (96): 715-721. Golder, D. (1972) 'Relations among stability parameters in the surface layer', Boundary Layer Meteorology (3):47-58. Holtslag, A. A. M. and A. P. van Ulden. (1983). ' A simple scheme for daytime estimates of the surface fluxes from routine weather data.'J. Clim. and Appl. Meteor. (22): 517-529. Holtslag, A.A.M. and A.P. van Ulden. (1982). 'Simple estimates of nighttime surface fluxes from routine weather data.' KNMI Scientific Report, W.R. (82):4-11. Liu, H. and T. Foken (2001). 'A modified Bowen ratio method to determine sensible and latent heat fluxes.' Meteorologische Zeitschrift 10(1): 71-80. Myrup,L.O.,and Ranzieri,A.J.(1976), 'A Consistent Scheme for Estimating Diffusivities to be Used in Air Quality Models', Report CA-DOT-TL-7169-3-76-32,California Dept. of ransportation,Sacramento. Oke, T.R. (1978). 'Boundary Layer Climates. 'John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. Oke, T.R. (1982) 'The energetic basis of the urban heat island. 'Quart. J.R. Met. Soc.(108): 1-24. Pauwels, V. R. N. and R. Samson (2006). 'Comparison of different methods to measure and model actual evapotranspiration rates for a wet sloping grassland.' Agricultural Water Management 82(1-2): 1-24. Paine, R.J. (1987) ' User's Guide to the CTDM Meteorological Preprocessor (METPRO) Program', U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711. Savage, M. J., Everson,C.S., Metelerkamp,B.R. . (2009). 'Bowen ratio evaporation measurement in a remote montane grassland Data integrity and fluxes.' Journal of Hydrology(376): 249-260. Scire, J.S., F.R. Robe, M.E. Fernau and R.J. Yamartino. (2000). 'A User's Guide for the CALMET Meteorological Model (Version 5.0). ' Earth Tech, Inc., Concord, MA. Seinfeld J. H. (1986). ' Atmospheric Chemistry and Physic of Air Pollution ' John Wiley&Sons, New York. Stull, R. B. (1988) . 'An introduction to boundary layer meteorology', Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic. Twine, T.E., Kustas, W.P., Norman, J.M., Cook, D.R., Houser, P.R., Meyers, T.P., Prueger,J.H., Starks, P.J., Wesely, M.L. (2000). ' Correcting eddy-covariance flux underestimatesover a grassland. ' Agric. For. Meteor. (103): 279-300. Wilson, K., Goldstein,A., Falge, E., Aubinet, M., Baldocchi, D., Berbigier, P., Bernhofer, C., Ceulemans, R., Dolman, H., Field, C., Grelle, A., Law. B. E., Ibrom, A. Kowalski,A., Meyers, T., Moncrieff, J., Monson, R., Oechel, W., Tenhunen, J., Valentini, R., Verma, S.. (2002). 'Energy balance closure at FLUXNET sites.' Agricultural and Forest Meteorology (113): 223-243. Weil, J.C. and R.P. Brower. (1983). 'Estimating convective boundary layer parameters for diffusion application. ' Draft Report prepared by the Environmental Center, Martin Marietta Corp, for the state of Maryland. Zhang, B.Z., Kang, S.Z., Li,F.S., Zhang,L.. (2008). 'Comparison of three evapotranspiration models to Bowen ratio-energy balance method for a vineyard in an arid desert region of northwest China.' Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 148(10): 1629-1640. 張能復、曾威霖，2005，地表能量平衡處理大氣穩定度方法與實例，國立台灣大學環境工程研究所。 許榮桀，2005，以CALMET模式模擬台灣地區混合層高度，國立台灣大學環境工程研究所碩士論文。 徐詠瑋，2011，包溫比預測方程式之研究，國立台灣大學環境工程研究所碩士論文。 褚侯森，2008，複雜地形中的通量量測—以棲蘭山台灣扁柏森林樣區為例，國立 東華大學自然資源管理研究所碩士論文。 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64207 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 空氣品質模式對於污染物的擴散模擬是被擴散尺度所影響，擴散尺度是由大氣穩定度決定，大氣穩定度的計算又由可感熱通量所計算出，而包溫比是可感熱通量和潛熱通量的比值，所以包溫比決定的合理性，會影響到可感熱通量的值，進而對後續污染物擴散模擬的結果有所影響，因此希望改善不同於目前空氣品質模式裡對於包溫比是以定值作決定之方式。本研究由熱力學的理論推導出一個包溫比估算式，此估算式可由台灣的逐時氣象資料，算出逐時的包溫比。
為了驗證此估算式，本研究使用棲蘭通量站與關渡通量站的數據，也就是Eddy covariance法的數據，利用實際量測的方法探討此估算式在台灣的適用性，並且求出一個修正係數α，藉由此修正係數使理論包溫比更符合實際情況。 由研究結果顯示，在棲蘭通量站理論包溫比有明顯低估，而關渡則沒有，在經過修正後，可以改善低估的情況，而使可感熱通量與潛熱通量更符合EC法所量測。在大氣穩定度方面，是以EC法所計算的大氣穩定度為基準，去比較理論包溫比、修正後的理論包溫比以及定值包溫比三種方法所計算出來的大氣穩定度，理論包溫比和EC法結果一致的比例高於定值包溫比，且修正後的理論包溫比所求之大氣穩定度等級和EC法一致的比例可達75%以上。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | The air quality model to simulate pollutants’ diffusion is affected by the diffusion degree that determined by the atmospheric stability, and the calculation of the atmospheric stability can be obtained from sensible heat flux. Bowen ratio, the ratio between sensible heat flux and latent heat flux, and its rational decision will change the value of sensible heat flux as well as subsequently modify the result of contaminants simulation. Therefore, instead of setting Bowen ratio as a constant by recent air quality models, this research applies the theory of thermodynamics to deduce the estimated Bowen ratio formula that could find the time-varying Bowen ratio from time-varying weather information in Taiwan.
To verify the estimated formula, this research uses Eddy covariance data from Chilan and Guandu flux site in Taiwan to evaluate the feasibility of the formula by in-situ analysis method and then to propose one modified factorα. It is more consistent with real situation by such modified factor. According to the research result, the theoretical Bowen ratio is significantly underestimated at Chilan flux site but not at Guandu flux site. However, after applying factorα, both sensible and latent heat flux fit data that derived from Bowen ratio method. The atmospheric stability based on Eddy covariance is used to compare the resulting atmospheric stability with the theoretical, the modified and the constant Bowen ratio methods. The ratio of the same stability by the theoretical Bowen ratio and Eddy covariance is higher than the stability by the constant Bowen ratio, and the ratio that both the modified theoretical Bowen ratio and Eddy covariance show the consistent degree of the atmospheric stability is higher than 75%. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-16T17:34:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-101-R99541128-1.pdf: 3137133 bytes, checksum: e6531335d865c32f441808b3601518cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 誌謝.................................I
摘要.................................II Abstract............................III 總目錄...............................IV 圖目錄...............................VI 表目錄...............................XI 第一章 緒論...........................1 1.1研究源起...........................1 1.2研究目的...........................2 第二章 文獻回顧........................3 2.1 包溫比定義........................3 2.2 可感熱通量與潛熱通量計算.............3 2.2.1 Bowen ratio energy balance法...4 2.2.2 Eddy covariance法..............6 2.2.3 Penman-Monteith法..............9 2.2.4 Priestley and Taylor法.... ....10 2.3 大氣穩定度.........................12 2.3.1 Pasquill穩定度分類...............13 2.3.2 莫寧荷夫尺度 .....................15 2.4 CALMET模式理論法...................18 2.4.1 日間-地表能量平衡收支法............19 2.4.2 夜間-Weil & Brower法............23 第三章 研究方法........................26 3.1 研究流程..........................26 3.2 資料來源..........................28 3.2.1棲蘭............................28 3.2.2關渡............................29 3.2.3 資料處理........................31 3.3 包溫比計算........................32 3.4 能量平衡方程式.....................36 3.4.1 能量閉合度......................38 3.5 大氣穩定度........................38 3.6 統計分析方法.......................41 第四章 結果與討論......................42 4.1 包溫比分析........................42 4.2包溫比修正係數......................48 4.3 能量閉合度........................54 4.4 可感熱通量與潛熱通量之估算...........60 4.5 大氣穩定度分析.....................74 第五章 結論與建議.......................80 5.1 結論.............................80 5.2 建議.............................81 參考文獻..............................82 附錄A................................86 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.subject | 大氣穩定度 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 包溫比 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 地表能量平衡方程式 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 可感熱通量 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 渦度相關法 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | surface energy balance equation | en |
| dc.subject | bowen ratio | en |
| dc.subject | atmospheric stability | en |
| dc.subject | eddy-covariance | en |
| dc.subject | sensible heat | en |
| dc.title | 以渦度相關法驗證包溫比估算式 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Verify the Bowen Ratio equation by using Eddy Covariance Method | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.coadvisor | 莊振義(Jehn-Yih Juang) | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 張艮輝(Ken-Hui Chang),蔡俊鴻(Jiun-Horng Tsai),林清和(Ching-Ho Lin) | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 大氣穩定度,包溫比,地表能量平衡方程式,可感熱通量,渦度相關法, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | atmospheric stability,bowen ratio,surface energy balance equation,sensible heat,eddy-covariance, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 91 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2012-08-15 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 環境工程學研究所 | |
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