論精神病患強制治療制度之爭議及其合憲性-以我國精神衛生法為中心

Abstract

本篇論文係對於我國精神衛生法的精神病患強制治療做一完整的合憲性探討，精神衛生法中相關規定包括有強制住院、強制社區治療等方式。強制住院治療係為保護嚴重病人與維護社會安全必要之治療方式，但是此方式將嚴重干涉到病患之人身自由，而新加入的強制社區治療制度是亞洲第一個國家執行此方式，對於病患所將造成的基本權侵害不得不慎之。 在探討精神衛生法中強制治療制度是否有合乎憲法保障人民之虞，其重點應先了解精神病患是否有需要國家介入使其接受強制治療的必要。先通過此一大前提，才能對強制治療的種種方式進行手段是否合憲的檢視，以及給予修改建議，故本篇論文將循此一脈絡，對我國精神衛生法的強制治療將造成嚴重精神病患的基本權利侵害進行分析，並提出救濟方式與修改建議等結論，希望能對弱勢的精神病患權利有足夠之保障與助益。

This paper aims to conduct a complete constitutional-research on involuntary treatment of mental-disorderly patients regulated by the Mental Health Act. Mental Health Act contains regulations such as Involuntary Hospitalization treatment, Mandatory Community treatment, and so on. Involuntary Hospitalization treatment is an important method that protects both serious patients and the safety of society, but it also poses immense interference to the freedom of patients. On the other hand, Taiwan is the first Asian country to ever practiced Mandatory Community treatment, hence the damage caused by this method on patients’ rights must be concerned. While discussing whether “involuntary treatment” conforms to the civilian rights given by the Constitution, the main point should be focused on if the National interference on imposing involuntary treatment on mental-disabled patients is necessary. Only when this prerequisite is confirmed true, can we examine whether these involuntary treatments conform to the Constitution, and subsequently offer advice. Consequently, this paper will follow this sequence to analyze the damage done to the rights of mental-disorderly patients by the involuntary treatment imposed by Mental Health Act in Taiwan, and hence propose relief plans as well as improvement methods, in hope to secure sufficient rights and welfares for the mental-disabled patients.