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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 周仲島 | |
| dc.contributor.author | Chi-June Ultimate Jung | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 鍾吉俊 | zh_TW |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2021-06-16T17:28:02Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2014-08-17 | |
| dc.date.copyright | 2012-08-17 | |
| dc.date.issued | 2012 | |
| dc.date.submitted | 2012-08-15 | |
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| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/64051 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 台灣位於副熱帶季風區，多變的天氣系統受地形影響，產生複雜的降水過程及雨量分布。地面雨量站在山區的數量有限且分布不均，雷達可提供高時空解析度的降雨系統資訊並進行定量降雨估計。然而，由於降雨系統多具有不均勻的雷達回波剖面，且雷達波束受地形遮蔽影響，常無法測得或是低估近地面的降雨回波。本研究在梅雨季和颱風季期間，於山區河谷及平地設置雨滴譜儀，結合雷達觀測，對於降水系統的雨滴粒徑分布特徵以及垂直結構進行分析研究。暖季的降雨形態可由降雨率時序標準差大小分類為對流性及層狀性降水，層狀降水發生比例較高，但總雨量的主要來源則是對流降水。山區對流降水的發生比例高於平地，對流降水對山區總雨量的貢獻也較平地大。分析雨滴粒徑分布參數可發現，對流降水的粒徑分布型態為Gamma分布且多為較大的雨滴，但層狀降水更趨近於負指數型態(或稱為Marshall- Palmer)分布並以較小的雨滴為主。實驗觀測所擬合的不同降雨類型的Z-R關係式彼此相近，但皆與現用於降雨估計之Z＝32.5 R1.65差距甚大。應用平均降雨關係式為Z＝216.4 R1.35，可有效修正平地降雨的高估。本文分析回波垂直剖面發現，平均回波隨高度降低而穩定增加，比較平均回波剖面的斜率絕對值，可以發現：山區大於平地、對流大於層狀；而降雨強度越強，斜率也越大。利用此特性將雷達回波外延修正至地面，應用於定量降水估計，可改善山區降雨低估情形達10%以上。分類不同降雨型態，應用不同斜率進行回波值外延，估計降雨更為準確。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | In Taiwan, complicate rainfall process and distribution produced by the interaction of terrain and subtropical weather systems. Rain gauges are limited and non-uniform distributed in the mountains, and radar has the ability to provide higher time and space resolution of the precipitation system then quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) is proceeded. However, non-uniform vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR) and beam blockage due to complex topography could result in the underestimation of reflectivity. To understand the precipitation characteristics near surface, ground-based disdrometers were deployed both in the mountains and in the coastal plain. The variation of drop size distributions (DSD) is used to classify convective versus stratiform precipitation. The statiform precipitation is the major contribution to the rainfall duration while the convective precipitation contributed to the most accumulation rainfall, and larger percentage of probability of convection was presented in mountain area than in plain. The convective DSD shows gamma distribution with more large drops and the stratiform DSD is much similar with the Marshall- Palmer distribution. Surface Z-R relationships which are derived via DSD show little difference between different topographies or different rainfall type, but all show large difference with currently used Z＝32.5 R1.65. Mean surface Z-R relationship, Z＝216.4 R1.35, helps to correct the underestimation of QPE in plain. The composited VPR for both convective and stratiform precipitation show increases below the melting level, both in mountain and in the plain regions. The extended VPRs and surface Z-R relationship were used to reexamine the QPE of several typhoons. The underestimation in the mountain area was improved about 10 %. We could have more accurate QPE if we consider different VPR for various precipitation types. | en |
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| dc.description.tableofcontents | 目錄
口試委員審定書 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............... i 致謝 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. ii 摘要 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ . iii Abstract AbstractAbstract ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ iv 目錄 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .. v 表目錄 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................ vii 圖目錄 ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................... viii viii 第一章 前言 ................................ ................................ ................................ .................... 1 1-1 台灣地區暖季劇烈降雨系統 ................................ ................................ ........... 1 1-2 降水型態及雨滴譜特徵 ................................ ................................ ................... 2 1-3 雷達定量降水估計 ................................ ................................ ........................... 3 1-4 研究動機與目的 ................................ ................................ ............................... 4 第二章 資料來源與分析方法 ................................ ................................ ........................ 6 2-1資料來源 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 6 2-1-1 雷達回波資料 ................................ ................................ ....................... 6 2-1-2 2 撞擊式雨滴譜儀 (JWD) (JWD)(JWD) ................................ ................................ ....... 7 2-2 撞擊式雨滴譜儀資料分析方法 ................................ ................................ ....... 7 2-2-1 雨滴譜儀降積分參數計算 雨滴譜儀降積分參數計算 ................................ ............................... 7 2-2-2 雨滴譜儀資料修正 雨滴譜儀資料修正 ................................ ................................ ............... 8 2-2-3雨滴譜儀觀測降量檢驗 雨滴譜儀觀測降量檢驗 ................................ ................................ .... 9 2-2-4 雨滴粒徑分布參數計算 雨滴粒徑分布參數計算 ................................ ................................ ..... 10 2-2-5 5 Z-R關係式 ................................ ................................ ........................ 12 2-2-6 層狀與對流降雨型態的分類 層狀與對流降雨型態的分類 ................................ ............................. 13 2-3 雷達回波垂直剖面 (VPR)(VPR) (VPR)合成 ................................ ................................ ...... 14 2-4 山區或平地資料分類 ................................ ................................ ................... 15 第三章 實驗期間山區與平地的降雨特徵 ................................ ................................ .. 16 3-1 綜觀天氣與降雨概況 ................................ ................................ ..................... 16 3-1-1 個案： 2010 年 5月 28 日至 30 日 ................................ .................... 16 3-1-2 個案： 2010 年 6月 10 日至 14 日 ................................ .................... 17 3-1-3 個案：凡那比 (Fanapi, 2010)(Fanapi, 2010)(Fanapi, 2010)(Fanapi, 2010) (Fanapi, 2010) 颱風 ................................ ...................... 17 3-2 降雨特性 ................................ ................................ ................................ ......... 18 3-3 雨滴粒徑分布 ................................ ................................ ................................ . 19 3-3-1 形狀參數μ與斜率Λ 形狀參數μ與斜率Λ ................................ ................................ . 19 3-3-2 中值體積直徑 D0 ................................ ................................ ................ 20 3-3-3 標準化截距參數 Nw與平均粒徑 Dm ................................ ................. 20 vi 3-3-4 雨滴粒徑分布特性討論 雨滴粒徑分布特性討論 ................................ ................................ ..... 21 3-4不同降雨型態中的回 波值分布 ................................ ................................ ...... 23 3-5回波降雨 (Z-R)關係式 關係式 ................................ ................................ ..................... 24 第四章 回波垂直結構特徵與定量降水估計 ................................ .............................. 25 4-1 回波垂直 結構特徵 ................................ ................................ ......................... 25 4-1-1 對流與層狀降雨的回波垂直結構 對流與層狀降雨的回波垂直結構 ................................ ..................... 25 4-1-2 不同降雨強度的回波垂直結構 不同降雨強度的回波垂直結構 ................................ ......................... 26 4-1-3 平均 回波垂直剖面 回波垂直剖面 ................................ ................................ ............. 27 4-2 定量降水估計的方法 ................................ ................................ ..................... 28 4-3 定量降水估計實驗個案 ................................ ................................ ................. 29 4-3-1 個案概況：莫拉克 個案概況：莫拉克 (Morakot, 2009) (Morakot, 2009)(Morakot, 2009) 颱風 ................................ ........... 30 4-3-2 個案概況：卡玫基 個案概況：卡玫基 (Kalmaegi, 2008) (Kalmaegi, 2008)(Kalmaegi, 2008) (Kalmaegi, 2008)(Kalmaegi, 2008)(Kalmaegi, 2008)(Kalmaegi, 2008) 颱風 ................................ ......... 30 4-3-3 個案概況：鳳 凰(Fung(Fung(Fung (Fung-Wong, 2008)Wong, 2008) Wong, 2008) Wong, 2008)颱風 ................................ .......... 31 4-4 定量降水估計實驗結果 ................................ ................................ ................. 32 4-4-1 梅雨鋒面 ................................ ................................ ............................. 32 4-4-2 凡那比 (Fanapi)(Fanapi)(Fanapi)(Fanapi) (Fanapi) 颱風 ................................ ................................ ............ 32 4-4-3 莫拉克 (Morakot) (Morakot)(Morakot) 颱風 ................................ ................................ ......... 33 4-4-4 卡玫基 (Kalmaegi) (Kalmaegi)(Kalmaegi) (Kalmaegi)(Kalmaegi)(Kalmaegi)(Kalmaegi) 颱風 ................................ ................................ ....... 33 4-4-5 鳳凰 (Fung(Fung(Fung (Fung-Wong)Wong) 颱風 ................................ ................................ ........ 34 4-5 小結與討論 ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 35 第五章 結論與建議 ................................ ................................ ................................ ...... 36 5-1 結論 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................. 36 5-1-1 暖季降水及雨滴譜特性 暖季降水及雨滴譜特性 ................................ ................................ ..... 36 5-1-2 雷達回波與降雨關係 雷達回波與降雨關係 ................................ ................................ ......... 37 5-1-3 暖季降水系統回波垂直結構特徵 暖季降水系統回波垂直結構特徵 ................................ ..................... 37 5-1-4定量降 雨估計與 VPR 修正方法 ................................ ......................... 38 5-2 建議與未來工作 ................................ ................................ ............................. 38 5-2-1 雨滴譜儀觀測校驗 雨滴譜儀觀測校驗 ................................ ................................ ............. 38 5-2-2 降水結構的垂直演變 降水結構的垂直演變 ................................ ................................ ......... 39 5-2-3 未來工作 ................................ ................................ ............................. 39 參考文獻 ................................ ................................ ................................ ........................ 41 表 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 46 圖 ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 55 附錄 ................................ ................................ ................................ ............................... 106 附錄 A：雷達觀測降水原理 ................................ ................................ ............... 106 附錄 B：由雷達回波分類降雨型態 ：由雷達回波分類降雨型態 ................................ ................................ ... 109 | |
| dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
| dc.title | 暖季降水系統雨滴譜及結構特徵分析研究 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution and Structure of Warm Season Precipitation | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 100-2 | |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 陳正平,隋中興,吳健銘,羅敏輝 | |
| dc.subject.keyword | 定量降水估計,回波降雨關係式,撞擊式雨滴譜儀,層狀/對流降水,雨滴粒徑分布,Gamma分布,回波垂直剖面, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE),Z-R relationship,Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer,stratiform/convective precipitation,drop size distribution (DSD),gamma distribution,vertical profile of reflectivity (VPR), | en |
| dc.relation.page | 110 | |
| dc.rights.note | 有償授權 | |
| dc.date.accepted | 2012-08-16 | |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 理學院 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 大氣科學研究所 | zh_TW |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 大氣科學系 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-101-1.pdf 目前未授權公開取用 | 12.68 MB | Adobe PDF |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。