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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 吳紀聖(Chi-Sheng Wu) | |
dc.contributor.author | Zih-Hua Li | en |
dc.contributor.author | 李姿樺 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-16T16:28:20Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2016-02-01 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-16T16:28:20Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2013-02-01 | |
dc.date.issued | 2013 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2013-01-16 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. I. E. Agency, Renewable Energy Technologies http://www.iea.org/techno/iaresults.asp?id_ia=5.
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dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/6402 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 由於地球暖化的議題受到越來越多的關注,所以如何將植物油轉酯化成生質柴油變得相當重要。生質柴油為一普遍之生質能,其性質與傳統石化柴油相近,又能和石化柴油混合使用,亦具有無毒、生物可分解、成分中不含硫化物和芳香族類等優點,因此為目前為重要的替代能源之一。
本研究是將顆粒狀Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaO鹼觸媒分別填充在攪拌填充床反應器中的扇形攪拌棒和四角觸媒柱中並加入大豆油和甲醇進行轉酯化反應。Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaO的內部有具高機械強度的氧化鈣做支撐,外層則是包覆甘油而形成二甘油化鈣當反應活性基。為了改善反應時,甲醇與三酸甘油脂不互溶性且分層的情況,多數的文獻都加入大量的甲醇來提高反應物碰撞機會。然而我們將重心放在反應器的設計上,實驗結果顯示將觸媒顆粒填充於攪拌葉片或觸媒支架中,可利用旋轉所產生的剪切力來降低觸媒邊界層厚度,能促進三酸甘油酯與醇類充分混合,並使反應物和觸媒充分接觸降低質傳阻力加速轉酯化反應,同時也可減少醇類的進料量,以達到降低成本的目的。我們也針對了反應溫度、醇油進料比例、攪拌速度和觸媒的重複使用性進行探討,並以實驗數據迴歸求出反應動力式相關參數。最後為了使含自由游離脂肪酸的微藻油也能適用於此反應器,於是採用酸觸媒進行酯化,再用鹼觸媒轉酯化的兩階段反應,其產率在滯留時間123分鐘時可達到96.05%。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | The global warming gets worldwide attention recently. How to transform vegetable oils to biodiesel becomes an important technology. Biodiesel can mix with petro-diesel at any ratio in a diesel engine. Less NOx and SOx are emitted by biodiesel than fossil fuel. Biodiesel has advantages such as, low emissions, biodegradable, non-toxic, and better lubricity. We performed the transesterification of soybean oil and methanol to synthesize biodiesel using Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaO solid-base catalyst in a stirring packed-bed reactor. The shell-core Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaO was prepared from a mechanically durable core CaO which reacted with glycerol to form thin layer of active Ca(C3H7O3)2 on the outer surface. In general, triglyceride and methanol are immiscible and turn into two layers. To overcome this situation, most researchers added a large amount of methanol in the transesterification. Instead, we designed a stirring reactor by packing catalyst pellets in (1) a rotating blade or (2) 4 static columns. Then used the rotating-blade or a propeller to stir and mix triglyceride and methanol. The boundary layer of liquid can be reduced on the catalyst surface by stirring. Thus mass-transfer resistance is decreased and the contact of reactants and catalyst is also enhanced. Therefore,biodiesel can be efficiently produced using less amount of methanol, and bring down the cost. The reaction parameters, molar ratio of methanol and oil, reaction temperature and stir speed, were evaluated to find optimum reaction conditions. The Langmuir-Hinshelwood model was used to establish a rate equation of transesterification of soybean oil with methanol in the stirring packed-bed reactor. In addition, the conversion of microalgae oil, which contains free fatty acid (FFA), was also applied in the stirring packed-bed reactor. In order to overcome FFA, we used two sequential steps that acidic catalysts were used in esterification then alkaline catalysts were used in transesterification. The biodiesel yield of microalgae oil was achieved 96.05% when residence time was 123 minutes. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-16T16:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-102-R99524100-1.pdf: 4293670 bytes, checksum: d38ef32b762837557c0df10a1a13c1ab (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 第一章 緒論.................................................1
1.1 研究背景..... ...........................................1 1.2 研究目的................................................3 第二章 文獻回顧..............................................5 2.1 生質柴油簡介.. ...........................................5 2.1.1 原料油來源............................................5 2.1.2 油品性質... ...........................................9 2.1.3 合成方法.............................................15 2.2 化學觸媒之轉酯化反應.....................................17 2.2.1 勻相觸媒(Homogeneous Catalyst).......................18 2.2.2 異相觸媒(Heterogeneous Catalyst).....................18 2.2.3 鹼觸媒(Alkaline Catalyst)............................20 2.2.4 酸觸媒(Acidic Catalyst)..............................23 2.2.5 酯化-轉酯化反應(Esterification- Transesterification Reaction).................................................25 2.3 質傳阻力(Mass Transfer Resistance).....................27 2.4 反應器(Reactor)........................................29 2.4.1 批式反應器(Batch Reactor)............................29 2.4.2 連續式反應器(Continuous Reactor)......................30 2.4.3 超重力旋轉填充床反應器(High-Gravity Rotating Packed Bed) [38, 39]..................................................31 第三章 實驗方法.............................................33 3.1 實驗藥品與儀器設備.......................................33 3.1.1 實驗藥品.............................................33 3.1.2 儀器設備.............................................34 3.2 觸媒製備...............................................35 3.2.1 固體顆粒鹼觸媒- Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaO.......................35 3.2.2 固體酸觸媒- SO42-/ZrO2-Al2O3.........................36 3.3 觸媒分析原理............................................37 3.3.1 X光繞射儀(X-Ray Diffractometer,XRD) [43]............37 3.3.2 比表面積分析儀(Specific Surface Area Analyzer) [44]...38 3.3.3 熱重分析(Thermogravimetric Analysis,TGA)............39 3.3.4 固體鹼性質測定 [45]...................................40 3.4 固體顆粒鹼觸媒轉酯化反應實驗流程............................42 3.4.1 扇形攪拌棒反應器-批次反應器(Fan-Shaped Stirrer Reactor-Batch Reactor)............................................42 3.4.2 四角觸媒柱反應器-批次反應器(Catalytic Pillars Reactor-Batch Reactor)............................................43 3.4.3 四角觸媒柱反應器-連續攪拌槽式反應器(Catalytic Pillars Reactor-CSTR).............................................45 3.5固體酸觸媒酯化/固體顆粒鹼觸媒轉酯化反應實驗流程................46 3.6 轉酯化產物分析..........................................47 3.6.1 氣相層析儀(Gas Chromatograph) [46]...................47 3.6.2 甲基酯檢量線製作.......................................50 3.6.3 甲基酯產率計算........................................54 第四章 觸媒特性分析與討論.....................................56 4.1 固體顆粒鹼觸媒-Ca(C3H7O3)2/CaO..........................56 4.1.1 X光繞射分析..........................................56 4.1.2 表面積測定...........................................59 4.1.3 熱重分析.............................................60 4.1.4 固體鹼性質分析........................................61 4.2 固體酸觸媒- ZrO2/SO42--Al2O3...........................62 4.2.1 X光繞射分析..........................................62 4.2.2 表面積測定...........................................63 第五章固體顆粒鹼觸媒轉酯化反應實驗結果與討論......................64 5.1 扇形攪拌棒反應器-批次反應器...............................64 5.1.1 不同反應溫度之影響.....................................64 5.1.2 不同醇油莫耳比之影響...................................66 5.1.3 不同轉速之影響........................................69 5.1.4 反應速率式...........................................69 5.2 四角觸媒柱反應器-批次反應器...............................75 5.2.1 觸媒重複使用性........................................75 5.2.2 觸媒殘鈣量...........................................76 5.3 四角觸媒柱反應器-連續攪拌槽式反應器.........................76 5.3.1 不同滯留時間 .........................................76 5.3.2 不同反應溫度之影響.....................................78 5.3.3 不同醇油莫耳比之影響...................................79 5.3.4 不同轉速之影響........................................81 5.3.5 反應速率式...........................................83 第六章 固體酸觸媒酯化/固體顆粒鹼觸媒轉酯化實驗結果與討論............88 6.1 酸觸媒酯化反應..........................................88 6.1.1 不同酸觸媒測試........................................88 6.1.2 酸觸媒加入量之影響.....................................89 6.1.3 Amberlyst 15重複使用性...............................90 6.2含自由游離脂肪酸大豆油酯化-轉酯化反應........................91 6.3 水含量對酯化-轉酯化反應的影響..............................92 6.3.1 經除水步驟...........................................92 6.3.2 無除水步驟...........................................93 6.4 微藻油進行酯化-轉酯化反應.................................94 6.4.1 乾藻................................................94 6.4.2 濕藻................................................96 第七章 結論與未來展望........................................98 參考文獻..................................................100 個人小傳..................................................105 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 利用攪拌填充床反應器降低質傳阻力增進生質柴油酯化-轉酯化效率 | zh_TW |
dc.title | A Stirring Packed-Bed Reactor to Enhance the Esterification-Transesterification in Biodiesel Production by Lowering Mass-Transfer Resistance | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 101-1 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 吳嘉文,黃郁慈 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 攪拌填充床反應器,酯化-轉酯化反應,質傳阻力,微藻油,生質柴油, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | Esterification-Transesterification,Stirring Packed-Bed Reactor,Mass-Transfer Resistance,Microalgae Oil,Biodiesel, | en |
dc.relation.page | 105 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2013-01-16 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 工學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 化學工程學研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 化學工程學系 |
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