稻桿轉換生質酒精供應鏈之最佳空間規劃模式 ─以嘉南灌區為例

Abstract

生質酒精是生質能源的一種，生質能源是利用有機物轉換為燃料或能源。本研究的主要的目的將針對由生質燃料的纖維質轉換為生質酒精，進行酒精汽油供應鏈的最佳空間規劃分析。生質能源來源可分為以下幾類：農作物類，能源作物類，藻類，農作廢棄物。因為台灣採取精緻農業政策，使得專門為了生質能源而種植作物變得不實際，因此本研究的對象便著重於農作廢棄物中的稻稈。本研究之實例分析的研究地區為嘉南平原，為台灣面積最大的農業產區。由於氣候因素，嘉南平原特色是夏雨冬乾、日照長。台灣的農作因為氣候而常有一年內有兩個時間點產出稻米及其稻稈，即為二期稻作。 在整個資源分配過程中，本研究將進行最佳化分析及空間分析來建立研究架構。最佳化分析將以GAMS這一款處理線性及非線性問題的模式進行，它有著可以匯入及匯出各種資料形式的特點，如Excel的資料等。本研究利用GAMS模擬從稻桿到生質酒精的資源分配問題。生質能源酒精可由稻桿轉換而成，農家分送稻稈至工廠轉換成酒精，再供應至市場，考慮稻稈腐壞的問題，求出所有可能成本之最小值。最後，利用執行程式得到最小化目標值解，以及各個變數的值，便可對結果作判斷與分析。 本研究利用這些稻桿轉換成生質酒精的供應鏈進行最佳化與空間規劃分析。空間分析(spatial analysis)，為研究一種有意義並具有特性的空間變化，地理學者應能探就影響此種空間分布型態的因素，並且能尋求其改善之道，使之更具空間效率。空間分析著重於地表事物的分布，所以像是工廠或是商店的設立，常常都會用到此一分析理論。

Biomass ethanol is a kind of biomass energy. Biomass energy is organic compound and can be made into fuel or raw materials. The purpose of this study is to analyze the supply chain of converting paddy rice straw to biomass ethanol. The alcohol is converted from cellulose. Biomass energy sources can be divided into the following categories: crop, energy crops, algae, agricultural waste. Because Taiwan's fine agricultural policy, it is impractical to plant crops specifically for biomass energy. Therefore, the object of this study focuses on the rice straw in agricultural waste. The research area of this research is Chia-Nan Plain, which is the largest agricultural area of Taiwan. Due to climatic factors, the features of Chia-Nan Plain are wet summer, dry winter, and a long duration of sunshine. Taiwan's agriculture often has aftergrowth, which means that there will be two time points within one year of production of rice and rice straw. Throughout the resource allocation process in this study, GAMS (General Algebraic Modeling System) optimization model has established for the study structure. GAMS is a model dealing with linear and nonlinear problems, with the ability of importing and exporting all kinds of information, such as Excel data. In this study, the program processes the allocation of resources from rice straw to bio-ethanol. Bio-ethanol can be converted from rice straw. Farmers distribute rice straw to plant for transforming into ethanol. Then the ethanol supplies to the market. Consider the problem of the rot of rice straw, and find all possible minimum cost. Finally, use the implementation of the program to minimize target solution, and the value of each variable. Then we can judge the results and make the spatial analysis.